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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (6): 1057-1070    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.06.005
Civil and St ructural Engineering     
Review of underground pipeline monitoring research based on distributed fiber optic sensing
Hai-ying WU1(),Hong-hu ZHU1,2,*(),Bao ZHU1,He QI3
1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Nanjing University High-Tech Institute at Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
3. Shenzhen Branch of China Construction Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Abstract  

Outline the important role of underground pipelines in national economy and defense construction, as well as the possible serious consequences of pipeline failure. Point out that the real-time monitoring of underground pipelines by using distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology can guarantee the structural health and safe operation of pipelines. Introduce the pipeline monitoring principle based on DFOS technology, and the research progress of DFOS technology in pipeline leakage monitoring, third party intrusion monitoring, deformation monitoring, corrosion monitoring, geological and natural disaster monitoring and submarine pipeline monitoring. Analyze some existing problems and hot topics in the current research, as well as the future research trend.

Key words： distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS)      underground pipeline      deformation      leakage      corrosion      third party intrusion     
Received: 19 June 2018      Published: 22 May 2019
CLC:  TU 990.3  
Corresponding Authors: Hong-hu ZHU     E-mail: why@smail.nju.edu.cn;zhh@nju.edu.cn
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Hai-ying WU
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Cite this article:

Hai-ying WU,Hong-hu ZHU,Bao ZHU,He QI. Review of underground pipeline monitoring research based on distributed fiber optic sensing. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(6): 1057-1070.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.06.005     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2019/V53/I6/1057


基于分布式光纤传感的地下管线监测研究综述

概述地下管线在国民经济和国防建设中的重要作用以及管道失效可能带来的严重后果. 指出分布式光纤传感（DFOS）技术能够对地下管线进行实时监测，为其结构健康和安全运营提供保障. 介绍基于分布式光纤传感技术的地下管线监测原理，阐述该技术在管线泄漏监测、第三方入侵监测、变形监测、腐蚀监测、地质与自然灾害监测和海底管道监测等方面的研究进展.分析当前研究中存在的问题、当下的研究热点以及今后的研究趋势.


关键词： 分布式光纤传感（DFOS）,  地下管线,  变形,  泄漏,  腐蚀,  第三方入侵 
监测方法 方法简述 优势 不足
生物法 主要是利用人或动物沿管线方向长期监视其附近气味或声音等方面异常情况，是一种常规的监测方法 直接准确，反馈及时 实时性差，会耗费大量人力物力
硬件法 主要是通过电学监测器、声学监测器、气体监测器、压力监测器等获取地下管线的温度、声音、压力等信息，从而判断地下管线是否正常运行 实时监测，种类多样 监测范围受到限制，难以精确、定量地分析地下管线变化，难以直观地衡量监测指标
软件法 利用软件系统提供的流量、压力、温度等数据，通过体积平衡、动力模型和压力点分析软件来监测地下管线的动态变化 方法科学，计算迅速，监测结果
非常清晰直观 		难以保证数据来源的准确性和精确度以及地下管线动态变化模型的可靠度
Tab.1 Comparison of conventional monitoring methods for underground pipelines
传感技术 基本原理 感测参量 优势 局限性
FBG 相长干涉 应变、温度 轻便易携带，可靠性高、抗腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、灵敏度高、分辨率高，测量精度可达1 με/0.1 °C 准分布式测量，存在漏检的可能，高温下光栅有消退现象，裸传感器易受损
ROTDR 拉曼散射光时域反射 温度 单端测量，仅对温度敏感，温度监测精度可达到±0.5 °C，单线测量长度最高可达6 km 空间分辨率相对较低，一般为1 m
ROFDR 拉曼散射光频域反射 温度 单端测量，仅对温度敏感，最小温度分辨率达到0.01 °C，空间分辨率可达到0.25 m，测试距离最大可达40 km 光源相干性和器件要求高，光路实现困难
BOTDR 自发布里渊散射光时域反射 应变、温度 单端测量，无需回路，工程适用性好，可测绝对温度和应变，测量距离最长可达80 km 测量时间较长，精度不高，空间分辨率较低，一般为1 m
BOTDA 受激布里渊散射光时域分析 应变、温度 双端测量，动态范围大，测试时间短，精度高，空间分辨率高达0.1 m，可测绝对温度和应变，测试距离可达25 km 不可测断点，双端测量风险高
BOFDA 受激布里渊散射光频域分析 应变、温度 双端测量，信噪比高，动态范围大，测量时间段，精度高，空间分辨率高达0.03 m，可测绝对温度和应变，测试距离可达25 km 不可测断点，双端测量风险高
OTDR 瑞利散射光时域反射 压力、振动 可精确测量光纤的光损点和断点位置，可实现结构物开裂的定位，测试距离可达40 km 受干扰因素多，测量精度相对较低，空间分辨率仅为1 m
Φ-OTDR 瑞利散射光相位变化 振动 单端测量，可感知光纤周围的微弱振动，抗电磁干扰，灵敏度高，空间分辨率达0.3 m，监测距离可达50 km 极为敏感，易误报
Tab.2 Typical distributed fiber optic sensing （DFOS） technologies in underground pipeline monitoring and their features
Fig.1 Concept map of underground pipeline monitoring system based on DFOS technology
Fig.2 Schematic diagram for layout of sensing optical fibers in different circumstances
Fig.3 Diagram for temperature variation monitoring due to leakage of liquid pipeline
Fig.4 Temperature variation characteristic of gas pipeline leakage
事件 r/m
行人走动 5
行人奔跑 10
汽车经过（平缓路面） 20
汽车经过（凹凸路面） 50
挖掘机施工 100
Tab.3 Maximum induction radius of distributed acoustic sensing （DAS） technology for different events
Fig.5 Vibration signal distribution curves for different events
Fig.6 Diagram for dislocation deformation of pipeline
Fig.7 Diagram for pure bend deformation of pipeline
Fig.8 Schematic diagram for contact interface between soil and pipeline in landslide area
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