Design method of electronic tag based on radio frequency energy acquisition
Gao-ping LIU1(),Zhi-huan SONG2
1. School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China 2. School of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
According to the characteristics of energy acquisition applied to tags, a monitoring circuit was added between the energy acquisition module and the tag module, and the cooperative working strategy of energy acquisition and tags was put forward based on the setting of high and low thresholds. The low threshold selection principle is to ensure that the energy storage of the energy storage module can ensure the one-time broadcasting of the tag and prevent the tag from entering the power down state to the maximum extent. The optimal value of energy storage capacitance, minimum and optimal radio frequency (RF) input power in the environment were deduced by starting from the broadcast interval and power required in the tag design goal according to the amount of energy that can be collected in the environment and the change of energy consumption required by the tag in different states. A tag based on RF acquisition was designed by using P2110B and CC2640R2F chip for verification. Test results show that the energy acquisition tag designed by this method can realize the cooperative work of energy acquisition module and tag module. The tag can carry out continuous “sleep and broadcast” cycle when the RF input power is greater than the optimal value. It can effectively prevent the label from falling into “energy deadlock”, and can adaptively switch in different working states.
Gao-ping LIU,Zhi-huan SONG. Design method of electronic tag based on radio frequency energy acquisition. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(8): 1666-1675.
Fig.1Tag scheme diagram with energy acquisition and storage module
Fig.2Schematic diagram of energy storage change under "energy deadlock"
Fig.3Tag structure block diagram with energy acquisition and monitoring circuit
Fig.4Schematic diagram of energy storage change after adding monitoring circuit
Fig.5Schematic diagram of label working state conversion
Fig.6Schematic diagram of RF energy acquisition circuit
元件
参数
含义
数值
CC2640R2F
${U_0}$/V
工作电压
3.3
${I_{{\text{tleak2}}}}$/μA
IO驱动电流
20.0
${I_{{\text{tr}}}}$/mA
广播电流
5.8
${I_{{\text{slp}}}}$/μA
休眠电流
3.0
${I_{{\text{cmp}}}}$/μA
COMPB工作电流
0.4
${I_{{\text{init}}}}$/mA
启动电流
2.194
${t_{\text{s}}}$/ms
完成初始化时间
25.0
${t_{{\text{tr}}}}$/ms
广播一帧时间
3.5
P2110B
$\eta $/%
能量转换效率
42
$\gamma $/%
电压转换效率
85
477钽电容
${I_{{\text{cleak1}}}}$/μA
漏电流
28.2
227钽电容
${I_{{\text{cleak2}}}}$/μA
漏电流
13.9
106钽电容
${I_{{\text{tleak1}}}}$/μA
漏电流
1.0
其他
${U_{\text{H}}}$/V
高阈值
1.65
${U_{\text{L}}}$/V
低阈值
1.27
$\alpha $
${U_{\text{C}}}/{U_0}$
0.427
Tab.1Device parameters in test scheme
Fig.7Thread flow chart in main program callback function
Fig.8Photo of energy acquisition and label module
Fig.9Voltage test diagram at tag start-up
Fig.10Voltage test diagram under various input power conditions
Fig.11Voltage test diagram during label startup at 570 uf
[1]
GOMEZ C, OLLER J, PARADELLS J Overview and evaluation of bluetooth low energy: an emerging low-power wireless technology[J]. Sensors, 2012, 12 (9): 11734- 11753
doi: 10.3390/s120911734
[2]
陈锐志, 陈亮 基于智能手机的室内定位技术的发展现状和挑战[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46 (10): 1316- 1326 CHEN Rui-zhi, CHEN Liang Indoor positioning with smartphones: the state-of-the-art and the challenges[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46 (10): 1316- 1326
doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170383
[3]
Texas Instruments. Blutooth® low energy Beacons[EB/OL]. [2020-10-12]. http://www.ti.com/lit/an/swra475a/swra475a.pdf.
[4]
钟志豪. 基于能量收集和BLE的低功耗有源标签设计[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2016. ZHONG Zhi-hao. Design of low power active tag based on energy collection and BLE[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and technology, 2016.
[5]
AHMED A E, ABDULLAH K, HABAEBI M H, et al RF energy harvesting wireless networks: challenges and opportunities[J]. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2021, 9 (1): 101- 113
[6]
BAI Y, JANTUNEN H, JUUTI J Energy harvesting research: the road from single source to multisource[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30 (34): 1707271
doi: 10.1002/adma.201707271
[7]
LIU Q, IJNTEMA W, DRIF A, et al. BEH: indoor batteryless BLE Beacons using RF energy harvesting for internet of things [EB/OL]. [2022-03-01]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03381.
[8]
MOHAMAD T, Mohamad T, SAMPE J, et al Architecture of micro energy harvesting using hybrid input of RF, thermal and vibration for semi-active RFID tag[J]. Engineering Journal, 2017, 21 (2): 183- 197
doi: 10.4186/ej.2017.21.2.183
[9]
齐丽晶, 胥佳颖 超级电容的发展与应用[J]. 大学物理实验, 2019, 32 (5): 36- 40 JI Li-jing, XU Jia-ying Development and application of super capacitor[J]. Physical Experiment of College, 2019, 32 (5): 36- 40
doi: 10.14139/j.cnki.cn22-1228.2019.05.010
AVX. Standard and low profile Tantalum capacitors [EB/OL]. [2022-03-01]. https://www.kyocera-avx.com/products/niobium/smd-nbo-oxicap/oxicap-nos-series.
[14]
刘政雳, 戴玲, 刘高平 基于NoRTOS框架的蓝牙信标设计与开发[J]. 浙江万里学院学报, 2021, 34 (3): 88- 94 LIU Zheng-li, DAI Ling, LIU Gao-ping Design and development of bluetooth beacon based on NoRTOS framework[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Wanli University, 2021, 34 (3): 88- 94
doi: 10.13777/j.cnki.issn1671-2250.2021.03.015
[15]
Texas Instruments. Code Composer Studio™ integrated development environment[EB/OL]. [2022-03-01]. https://www.ti.com/tool/ccstudio.
