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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (4): 730-740    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.008
土木与建筑工程     
锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层渗漏量的参数研究
郑雅华1(),刘红位2,冯嵩1,*()
1. 福州大学 土木工程学院，福建 福州 350108
2. 福州大学 紫金地质与矿业学院，福建 福州 350108
Numerical parametric study of percolation through capillary barrier cover with zipper-shape interface
Yahua ZHENG1(),Hongwei LIU2,Song FENG1,*()
1. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2. Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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摘要：

在传统毛细阻滞覆盖层的粗-细粒土界面处添加多个方形碎石垄，形成锯齿状的毛细阻滞覆盖层. 锯齿状毛细阻滞界面有利于在顺坡方向形成多个导排长度，主动控制底部渗漏位置. 在碎石垄下方设置的导排盲沟收集部分渗漏雨水，降低进入固废堆体的渗漏量. 考虑碎石垄尺寸、细粒土层厚度、覆盖层坡度、雨型、极端降雨和长时间降雨等参数，对比锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层与传统毛细阻滞覆盖层的性能. 结果表明，锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层的渗漏量比传统毛细阻滞覆盖层的低17%~25%；无论是在极端降雨情况下，还是在长时间降雨情况下，锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层的渗漏量均小于国际年渗漏量标准. 碎石垄高度超过0.2 m或碎石垄边长和间距增加会导致锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层的渗漏量增加，底部渗漏量随覆盖层坡度和细粒土层厚度的提高逐渐减小. 2种覆盖层在不同降雨模式下的渗漏量由大到小依次为超前型降雨、等强型、中心型模式、滞后型, 锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层的渗漏量受雨型的影响较传统毛细阻滞覆盖层的小.
关键词： 锯齿状覆盖层;  水分运移;  毛细阻滞;  渗漏;  有限元    
Abstract:

A novel capillary barrier cover was proposed, which added multiple gravel segments to the traditional cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBE) to form a zipper-shape CCBE between fine-grained and coarse-grained soils. The zipper-shape interface along the slope was designed to help the formation of several diversion lengths while controlling water percolation location. The drainage ditch arranged below the gravel segment was effectively used to reduce the water percolation into the buried wastes underneath the cover. Considering the gravel segment sizes, the thickness of fine-grained soils, the slope of CCBE, rainfall pattern, and extreme and prolonged rainfall, the hydraulic performance of the proposed zippered CCBE with the traditional one was compared. Results showed that the water percolation of zippered CCBE was 17%-25% lower than the traditional one. In both extreme and prolonged rainfall conditions, the percolation of the zippered CCBE was lower than the international annual percolation standard. Increased percolation of the zippered CCBE was observed when the gravel segment height exceeded 0.2 m or the gravel segment width and spacing augmented, and water percolation gradually decreased with the increase of the thickness of fine-grained soils and the slope of landfill cover. Among the two types of CCBE, percolation varies under different rainfall patterns, ranked from highest to lowest: the advanced rainfall pattern, the uniform pattern, the central pattern, and the delayed pattern. Compared to the traditional CCBE, the zippered one is less affected by the rainfall pattern in terms of water percolation.
Key words: zippered cover    water movement    capillary barrier    percolation    finite element
收稿日期: 2024-01-25 出版日期: 2025-04-25
CLC:  TU 43  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52178320, 42177120）；国家重点研发计划资助项目（2019YFC1806003）.
通讯作者: 冯嵩     E-mail: 201982010019@sdust.edu.cn;sfengaa@connect.ust.hk
作者简介: 郑雅华（1996—），女，硕士生，从事非饱和土渗流研究. orcid.org/0009-0009-4439-4789. E-mail：201982010019@sdust.edu.cn
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引用本文:

郑雅华,刘红位,冯嵩. 锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层渗漏量的参数研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(4): 730-740.

Yahua ZHENG,Hongwei LIU,Song FENG. Numerical parametric study of percolation through capillary barrier cover with zipper-shape interface. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(4): 730-740.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.008    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I4/730

图 1  传统毛细阻滞覆盖层数值模型土水特征曲线与水力传导率曲线
图 2  传统毛细阻滞覆盖层二维数值模型有限元网格
图 3  传统毛细阻滞覆盖层不同参数的实测与数值计算结果
图 4  锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层水分运移示意图
图 5  锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层二维数值模型
图 6  锯齿状毛细阻滞覆盖层数值模型土水特征曲线与水力传导率曲线
工况β/(°)Δ/mYR/(mm·d?1)h/mb/ma /mnt/d
A1180.9等强型30————0~6
B1180.9等强型300.1~0.50.54.640~6
B20.20.3~1.84.64
B30.20.53.6~5.44~6
C1180.7~1.2等强型300.180.33.660~6
C2————
D113~230.9等强型300.180.33.660~6
D2————
E1180.7等强型26.20.180.33.660~5
E2超前型8.73~52.40~2，3~5
E3中心型8.73~52.40~2，3~4，5
E4滞后型8.73~52.40~3，4~5
F1180.9等强型2500.180.33.661
F2————
表 1  毛细阻滞覆盖层的数值模拟方案
图 7  碎石垄高度对渗漏与排水的影响
图 8  孔隙水压力云图和水流速度
图 9  碎石垄间距对渗漏与排水的影响
图 10  碎石垄边长对渗漏与排水的影响
图 11  渗漏量比值与总排水量比值随碎石垄高度、边长与间距的变化
水平h/mb/ma/m
10.180.35.4
20.300.64.2
30.601.03.6
表 2  碎石垄的标准正交试验表
因素h/mb/ma/mPe/m
10.180.35.48.58
20.180.64.28.99
30.181.03.610.03
40.300.33.68.80
50.300.65.49.89
60.301.04.211.48
70.600.34.29.32
80.600.63.610.63
90.601.05.413.56
k19.28.910.68—
k210.059.839.93—
k311.1711.699.82—
Ri1.972.790.86—
最优方案0.180.33.6—
表 3  正交试验的模拟结果
图 12  极端降雨与长时间降雨情况下不同覆盖层中的水分分布
图 13  细粒土层厚度对渗漏与排水的影响
图 14  坡度对渗漏与排水的影响
图 15  雨型对渗漏与排水的影响
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