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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (6): 1293-1302    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.06.020
机械工程     
基于压电与电磁复合效应的超声振动能量采集方法
汪御飞(),李康康,张海彬,陈渊博,王光庆*()
浙江工商大学 信息与电子工程学院（萨塞克斯人工智能学院），浙江 杭州 310018
Ultrasonic vibration energy harvesting method based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite effects
Yufei WANG(),Kangkang LI,Haibin ZHANG,Yuanbo CHEN,Guangqing WANG*()
School of Information and Electronic Engineering (Sussex Artificial Intelligence Institute), Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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摘要：

为了高效采集超声设备中的振动能量并将其转换为电能，提出基于压电与电磁复合效应的超声振动能量采集方法. 针对超声振动幅值小、加速度大的特点，在超声设备中集成设计基于正压电效应的环状压电振动能量采集器，直接采集并转换设备运行中的微幅超声振动能量；针对超声振动幅值小、频率高的特点，设计将微观的超声振动转变为宏观的大幅旋转运动的转换机构，基于电磁感应机理在超声设备中进一步集成设计旋转运动能量采集器，实现超声振动能量的微观/宏观转换与采集. 基于压电效应和电磁感应原理建立压电/电磁复合超声振动能量采集与转换模型，通过仿真分析模型参数对超声振动能量采集性能的影响，通过实验验证了模型的准确性. 研究结果表明，在频率为38.2 kHz、幅值为1.88 μm的超声激励下，复合采集器的输出电压为46.7 V，压电和电磁能量采集器的输出功率分别为104.3、43.8 mW，输出功率满足低功耗电子器件的供电需求.
关键词： 超声振动;  压电效应;  电磁旋转;  能量采集;  动力学模型    
Abstract:

A method for harvesting ultrasonic vibration energy based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite effects was proposed, to efficiently harvest vibration energy from ultrasound equipment and convert it into electrical energy. Aiming at the characteristics of small amplitude and large acceleration of ultrasonic vibration, a circular piezoelectric vibration energy harvester based on positive piezoelectric effect was integrated and designed in ultrasonic equipment to directly harvest and convert the micro ultrasonic vibration energy in equipment operation. A conversion mechanism was designed to transform micro ultrasonic vibration into macroscopic large-scale rotational motion, taking into account the characteristics of small amplitude and high frequency of ultrasonic vibration. Based on the electromagnetic induction mechanism, a rotational energy harvester was further integrated into the ultrasonic equipment to achieve the micro/macro conversion and acquisition of ultrasonic vibration energy. A piezoelectric/electromagnetic composite ultrasonic vibration energy harvesting and conversion model was established based on the piezoelectric effect and electromagnetic induction principle. The influence of model parameters on the the performance of ultrasonic vibration energy harvesting was simulated and analyzed, and the accuracy of the model was experimentally verified. Results showed that under the ultrasonic excitation with a frequency of 38.2 kHz and amplitude of 1.88 μm, the output voltage of the composite harvester was 46.7 V, and the output power of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesters were 104.3 mW and 43.8 mW, respectively. The output power met the power supply requirements of low-power electronic devices.
Key words: ultrasound vibration    piezoelectric effect    electromagnetic rotating    energy harvesting    dynamic model
收稿日期: 2024-06-05 出版日期: 2025-05-30
CLC:  TM 354  
基金资助: 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY24E070002)；浙江省教育厅项目(Y202250102).
通讯作者: 王光庆     E-mail: 907445086@qq.com;wgqjx@zjsu.edu.cn
作者简介: 汪御飞（1998—），男，硕士生，从事信号与信息处理研究. orcid.org/0009-0006-8653-0425. E-mail：907445086@qq.com
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引用本文:

汪御飞,李康康,张海彬,陈渊博,王光庆. 基于压电与电磁复合效应的超声振动能量采集方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(6): 1293-1302.

Yufei WANG,Kangkang LI,Haibin ZHANG,Yuanbo CHEN,Guangqing WANG. Ultrasonic vibration energy harvesting method based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite effects. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(6): 1293-1302.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.06.020    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I6/1293

图 1  压电/电磁复合超声振动能量采集机理示意图
图 2  压电/电磁复合能量采集机理图
图 3  压电超声产生/采集一体化结构
图 4  超声/旋转转换结构
图 5  摩擦界面线接触模型
参数数值
摩擦层的弹性模量E0/GPa67
摩擦层的厚度h0/mm0.5
凸齿上产生的行波数n9
凸齿表面至中性层的距离a/mm2.5
凸齿上齿的总数nt90
动摩擦因素$ \mu_{\mathrm{d}} $0.14
转换结构与圆盘平均接触半径Rav/mm27
转换结构与圆盘径向接触宽度b/mm2
转换结构的转动惯量J/(kg·m2)8.22×10?5
法向预压力Fn/N2
缠绕线圈半径r/mm9.8
永磁铁表磁Br/T100
永磁铁底面直径D/mm10
永磁铁的高H/mm15
真空中磁导率$ \mu_0 $/(H·m?1)$ 4{\text{π}}$×10?7
磁力系数ko422000
线圈匝数N500
磁铁与电机轴心的距R/cm3
表 1  压电能量采集器的结构尺寸和材料参数
图 6  输出电压和功率随激励频率变化的仿真结果
图 7  超声振幅和电压仿真波形图
图 8  磁铁对转换结构转速影响的仿真结果
图 9  磁铁数量、线圈与磁铁的距离对产生感应电压影响的仿真结果
图 10  磁铁高度和线圈匝数对产生感应电压的综合影响的仿真结果
图 11  压电/电磁复合能量采集器原理样机
图 12  压电/电磁复合能量采集器实验系统
名称材料ρo/(kg·m?3)G/GPaν
压电陶瓷PZT-8750076.50.32
金属基体磷青铜890067.00.30
表 2  超声波电机主要材料及特性
图 13  压电超声能量采集器原理样机
图 14  输出电压随振动幅值变化的实验结果
图 15  激励电压和功率随激励频率的变化
图 16  采集到的PZT输出电压波形
图 17  感应电压和功率随磁铁数量及磁铁距离的变化
图 18  感应电压和功率随线圈匝数和磁铁体积的变化
图 19  输出电压随时间的变化
图 20  负载对输出电压和功率影响的实验结果
图 21  压电/电磁旋转复合超声振动能量采集器点亮LED效果图
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