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工程设计学报  2024, Vol. 31 Issue (4): 446-455    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.03.211
机器人与机构设计     
新型水冷壁机器人设计及其电永磁轮研究
张博洋1(),冯永利1,2(),黄金凤1,2,黄宝旺1,2
1.华北理工大学 机械工程学院,河北 唐山 063000
2.河北省工业机器人产业技术研究院,河北 唐山 063000
Design of new water-cooled wall robot and research of its electro permanent magnet wheel
Boyang ZHANG1(),Yongli FENG1,2(),Jinfeng HUANG1,2,Baowang HUANG1,2
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
2.Industry and Technology Research Institute of Industrial Robot in Hebei, Tangshan 063000, China
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摘要:

火力发电厂的锅炉水冷壁需要定期检测和清扫,采用水冷壁机器人可以提高检测和清扫的效率。针对水冷壁面复杂的工作环境,研发了一种新型水冷壁机器人。对机器人的结构和工作原理进行了介绍;为了保证机器人在水冷壁面运动灵活且有可靠的吸力,设计了一款电永磁轮;通过Maxwell仿真并结合实验得出了使电永磁轮充/退磁所需的电流激励以及轮子吸力,设计了电永磁轮充/退磁电路;介绍了机器人本体的控制系统,搭建了机器人横向行走实验平台,对机器人运动的协同性和稳定性进行了验证。实验结果表明:机器人内、外腿依次交替吸附并前移,实现了抬腿、迈步、落腿等步态,运动稳定;机器人落腿时磁力产生,抬腿时磁力消失,机器人兼具吸附稳定性和运动灵活性;电永磁轮结构简单,体积小,质量小,耗电少,可提供150 N左右的吸力。研究结果为爬壁机器人在水冷壁清扫和检测中的应用提供了参考。

关键词: 水冷壁机器人电永磁磁吸力充/退磁电路    
Abstract:

The water-cooled wall of boiler in thermal power plants needs to be inspected and cleaned regularly. Using water-cooled wall robot can improve the efficiency of inspection and cleaning. In view of the complex working environment of water-cooled wall, a new type of water-cooled wall robot was developed. The robot structure and working principle were introduced. In order to ensure the robot to move flexibly and have reliable suction on the water wall, an electric permanent magnet wheel was designed. Through Maxwell simulation and experiment, the current excitation required to magnetize/demagnetize the electric permanent magnet wheel and wheel suction were obtained, and the electric permanent magnet wheel magnetize/demagnetization circuit was designed. The control system of the robot body was introduced, and the experimental platform for lateral walking of the robot was built to verify the cooperation and stability of the robot motion. The experimental results showed that the inner and outer legs of the robot could adsorb and move forward alternately, and realize the gait of lifting, stepping and dropping legs, and the movement was stable. The magnetic force was produced when the robot droped its legs and disappeared when it lifted its legs. The robot had both adsorption stability and movement flexibility. The electric permanent magnet wheel had simple structure, small size, small mass, less power consumption, and could provide about 150 N suction. The research results provide a reference for the application of wall-climbing robot in the cleaning and detection of water-cooled walls.

Key words: water-cooled wall robot    electric permanent magnet    magnetic attraction    magnetization/demagnetization circuit
收稿日期: 2023-11-01 出版日期: 2024-08-26
CLC:  TP 242  
基金资助: 河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(JQN2022005);唐山市机器人机构学理论基础创新团队研究项目(21130208D);河北省创新能力提升计划项目(225676144H);河北省科技重大专项项目(23261801Z)
通讯作者: 冯永利     E-mail: 2714981237@qq.com;fengyongli@ncst.edu.cn
作者简介: 张博洋(1995—),男,硕士生,从事智能装备研究,E-mail: 2714981237@qq.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6457-5290
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引用本文:

张博洋,冯永利,黄金凤,黄宝旺. 新型水冷壁机器人设计及其电永磁轮研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2024, 31(4): 446-455.

Boyang ZHANG,Yongli FENG,Jinfeng HUANG,Baowang HUANG. Design of new water-cooled wall robot and research of its electro permanent magnet wheel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2024, 31(4): 446-455.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.03.211        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2024/V31/I4/446

图1  机器人工作方案示意1—机器人本体;2—电永磁轮;3—水冷壁面;4—绳索;5—吊绳机构。
图2  机器人本体结构1—电机组;2—内腿滑块(有丝杠螺母);3—外框架;4—丝杠;5—外腿滑块(有丝杠螺母);6—内腿滑块(无丝杠螺母);7—外腿滑块(无丝杠螺母);8—内框架;9—内腿组件;10—外腿组件。
图3  机器人本体结构简图1—内腿后滑块;2—内腿前滑块;3—外腿后滑块;4—外腿前滑块。
图4  机器人外腿和内腿组件1—丝杠;2—后滑块(有丝杠螺母);3—前滑块(无丝杠螺母);4—前滑块(有丝杠螺母);5—后滑块(无丝杠螺母);6—轴承座;7—外足;8—拉杆;9—滑块连接板;10—丝杠;11—后滑块(有丝杠螺母);12—前滑块(有丝杠螺母);13—前滑块(无丝杠螺母);14—后滑块(无丝杠螺母);15—拉杆;16—轴承座;17—内足;18—滑块连接板。
图5  电永磁轮结构1—左轴;2—左磁极块;3—尼龙套;4—线圈;5—铝镍钴永磁体;6—右磁极块;7—右轴。
图6  电永磁轮行走示意
图7  永磁体的起始磁化曲线、磁滞回线和退磁曲线
图8  通电螺线管的磁场分布
图9  电永磁轮模型尺寸1—LNG52永磁体;2—右磁极块;3—左磁极块;4—线圈;5—水冷壁管。
零件材料参数
LNG52永磁体Br=1.3 T, Hc=56 kA/m[12-13]
左右磁极块(纯铁DT4)BH曲线
线圈(纯铜)u=0.999 991
空气u=1
水冷壁管(Q235钢)BH曲线
表1  电永磁轮的材料参数
图10  纯铁DT4的 B — H 曲线
图11  Q235钢的 B — H 曲线
图12  电永磁轮饱和充磁仿真结果
图13  不同电流下永磁体退磁曲线
图14  全桥逆变电路
Q1Q2Q3Q4负载状态
导通断开断开导通充磁
断开导通导通断开退磁
表2  电永磁轮充/退磁实验电路的开关状态
图15  电永磁轮充/退磁实验电路
测量次序电压/V电流/A吸力/N
119.5032.50124.2
220.0033.33136.5
320.5034.17142.9
421.0035.00145.3
521.5035.83144.7
622.0036.67149.3
表3  电永磁轮充磁实验结果
测量次序电压/V电流/A吸力/N
110.0016.6732
210.2517.0826
310.5017.5012
410.7517.917
511.0018.338
611.2518.750
711.5019.175
811.7519.5814
表4  电永磁轮退磁实验结果
图16  电永磁轮充/退磁电路设计
图17  电永磁轮充/退磁电路实物图
K1K1K2K2C1C2负载状态
常闭常闭常开常开充电放电退磁
常开常开常闭常闭放电充电充磁
表5  电永磁轮充/退磁电路的开关状态
图18  3种脉冲放电电流波形
图19  机器人本体控制系统结构框图
图20  机器人本体控制系统实物图
图21  机器人行走实验现场
图22  机器人行走过程
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