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工程设计学报  2024, Vol. 31 Issue (4): 438-445    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.04.121
机器人与机构设计     
基于张拉整体结构的可变形移动机器人的设计与实验研究
张淏1(),杨琪1,连宾宾1(),孙涛1,2
1.天津大学 机械工程学院,天津 300000
2.天津大学 浙江国际创新设计与智造研究院,浙江 绍兴 311800
Design and experimental research of deformable mobile robot based on tensegrity structure
Hao ZHANG1(),Qi YANG1,Binbin LIAN1(),Tao SUN1,2
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
2.International Institute for Innovative Design and Manufacturing of Tianjin University in Zhejiang, Shaoxing 311800, China
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摘要:

移动机器人可以代替人进入火灾、地震现场等高危环境进行地形探索及伤员搜寻等工作,然而大多数机器人难以同时适应障碍、直角墙壁、墙面过渡等多种复杂地形,且其控制系统相对复杂,需要外部能源输入。为此,设计了一款具有多种功能、控制相对简单且无系留的可变形移动机器人。首先,将二杆四索张拉整体结构作为基本单元,设计了可实现弯曲变形的张拉整体结构躯干;其次,基于吸附力及结构参数的分析,设计了负压吸附装置,并将它与可变形躯干结合,形成了机器人整体结构;接着,对机器人进行运动学分析,获得了机器人位姿与电机转角的映射关系,并据此规划了机器人墙面过渡、从墙面穿越狭小空间及翻转上台阶的步态;最后,完成了机器人样机的研制,并针对不同地形开展了机器人运动实验,验证了机器人步态规划的合理性。研究结果为多功能移动机器人的设计与制造提供了一定的参考价值。

关键词: 张拉整体结构负压吸附可变形机器人    
Abstract:

Mobile robots can replace people into dangerous environments such as fire and earthquake sites for terrain exploration and casualty search, but most robots are difficult to adapt to obstacles, right-angle walls, wall transitions and other complex terrain at the same time, and their control systems are relatively complex, requiring external energy input. Therefore, a deformable mobile robot with multiple functions, relatively simple control and no tethering was designed. Firstly, taking the 2-bar 4-cable tensioning integral structure as the basic unit, the body of the tensioning integral structure which could realize bending deformation was designed. Secondly, based on the analysis of adsorption force and structural parameters, the negative pressure adsorption device was designed and combined with the deformable body to form the overall structure of the robot. Then, the kinematic analysis of the robot was carried out, and the mapping relationship between the robot pose and the motor angle was obtained. Based on this, the robot's gaits of wall surface transition, traversing the narrow space from the wall surface and flipping up steps were planned. Finally, the robot prototype was developed, and the robot movement experiments were carried out according to different terrain, and the rationality of the robot gait planning was verified. The research results provide a certain reference value for the design and manufacture of multi-functional mobile robots.

Key words: tensegrity structure    negative pressure adsorption    deformable robot
收稿日期: 2024-03-15 出版日期: 2024-08-26
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275028)
通讯作者: 连宾宾     E-mail: 1056801740@qq.com;lianbinbin@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 张 淏(1999—),男,硕士生,从事张拉整体结构、机器人设计及应用研究,E-mail: 1056801740@qq.com
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引用本文:

张淏,杨琪,连宾宾,孙涛. 基于张拉整体结构的可变形移动机器人的设计与实验研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2024, 31(4): 438-445.

Hao ZHANG,Qi YANG,Binbin LIAN,Tao SUN. Design and experimental research of deformable mobile robot based on tensegrity structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2024, 31(4): 438-445.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.04.121        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2024/V31/I4/438

图1  机器人可变形躯干设计示意
图2  墙面上机器人极限位姿受力分析
图3  负压吸附装置的结构
图4  电机组的组成
图5  可变形移动机器人整体结构
电机名称电机类型数量/个额定扭矩/(N·m)

额定转速/

(r/min)

鸣志PG2271步进电机20.274 5
朗宇电机直流电机20.09835 000
GA12电机直流电机40.24540
表1  电机型号及参数
图6  可变形移动机器人简化构型
图7  可变形移动机器人简化单元
图8  机器人从水平地面攀爬到竖直墙面的步态序列
参数步态a步态d步态f
a1b1的关系a1>b1a1<b1a1<b1
m1101
m2011
n1001
n2011
θ5π/4π/8π/4
表2  攀爬时机器人不同步态所对应的参数
图9  机器人从竖直墙面穿越狭小空间的步态序列
参数步态a步态b步态c
m1111
m2111
n1101
n2111
表3  穿越时机器人不同步态所对应的参数
图10  机器人从水平地面翻越上台阶的步态序列
参数步态a步态c步态e
a1b1的关系a1>b1a1<b1a1>b1
m1100
m2010
n1001
n2001
θ5π/4δπ/4
表4  翻越时机器人不同步态所对应的参数
图11  机器人从水平地面攀爬到竖直墙面的实验
图12  机器人从竖直墙面穿越狭小空间的实验
图13  机器人从水平地面翻越上台阶的实验
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