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工程设计学报  2023, Vol. 30 Issue (5): 531-544    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.062
机械设计理论与方法     
基于功能表面驱动与可拓工具的产品人机工程问题确定方法研究
白仲航1,2,3(),艾琳璟1,2,3()
1.河北工业大学 建筑与艺术设计学院,天津 300132
2.河北工业大学 国家技术创新方法与实施工具工程技术研究中心,天津 300401
3.河北工业大学 河北省工业设计创新与应用研究中心,天津 300132
Research on product ergonomics problem determination method based on functional surface drive and extension tools
Zhonghang BAI1,2,3(),Linjing AI1,2,3()
1.School of Architecture and Art Design, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
2.National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
3.Hebei Industrial Design Innovation and Application Research Center, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
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摘要:

为了准确地确定产品人机工程问题,以提升人机交互性能,运用TRIZ(Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatc,发明问题解决理论)提出了基于功能表面驱动与可拓工具的冲突区域确定方法。首先,利用功能表面改进功能过程模型,识别人机工程问题的初始问题功能元,并结合可拓表达和相关分析完成初始问题功能元的转换及最终问题功能元的确定。然后,利用功能表面改进功能关系模型,识别产品的初始冲突区域,并结合可拓表达、相关分析、蕴含分析和优度评价完成初始冲突区域的转换及最终冲突区域的确定。最后,利用标准解对冲突区域中的不良作用进行求解,并通过优度评价完成方案的评价和筛选。通过割草机改进设计实例验证了所提出方法的可行性。研究表明,该方法有助于交互式产品冲突区域的确定,提高了其人机工程问题的解决效率。

关键词: 交互式产品TRIZ可拓学冲突区域功能表面功能模型割草机    
Abstract:

In order to accurately determine the ergonomics problems of products and improve the human-computer interaction performance, a conflict zone determination method based on functional surface drive and extension tools is proposed by using TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatc). Firstly, the functional process model was improved by the functional surface to identify the initial problem functional elements of the ergonomics problems, and the transformation of the initial problem functional elements and the determination of the final problem functional elements were completed by combining the extension expression and correlation analysis. Then, the functional relationship model was improved by the functional surface to identify the initial conflict zone of the product, and the transformation of the initial conflict zone and the determination of the final conflict zone were completed by combining the extension expression, correlation analysis, implication analysis and superiority evaluation. Finally, the standard solution was used to solve the adverse effects in the conflict zone, and the evaluation and screening of the scheme were completed through the superiority evaluation. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by an example of improved design of lawn mower. The research shows that this method is helpful for the determination of conflict zones in interactive products and can improve the efficiency of solving ergonomics problems.

Key words: interactive product    TRIZ    extenics    conflict zone    functional surface    functional model    lawn mower
收稿日期: 2023-02-08 出版日期: 2023-11-03
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52242508);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(G2021202008);河北省研究生创新资助项目(CXZZSS2023031)
作者简介: 白仲航(1978—),男,河北承德人,教授,博士,从事创新设计与工业设计研究,E-mail: baizhonghang@ hebut.edu.cn,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-3730|艾琳璟(1996—),女,河北唐山人,硕士生,从事创新设计与工业设计研究,E-mail: aimeiyuan81@163.com,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-6995
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引用本文:

白仲航,艾琳璟. 基于功能表面驱动与可拓工具的产品人机工程问题确定方法研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2023, 30(5): 531-544.

Zhonghang BAI,Linjing AI. Research on product ergonomics problem determination method based on functional surface drive and extension tools[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2023, 30(5): 531-544.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.062        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2023/V30/I5/531

图1  基于功能表面的产品功能传递链
图2  功能表面与功能模型之间的联系
图3  基于功能表面的功能过程模型
图4  基于功能表面的功能关系模型
图5  人机工程问题冲突区域确定与不良作用求解过程
图6  电动割草机
图7  电动割草机总功能
图8  电动割草机功能树
图9  基于功能表面的电动割草机功能过程模型
图10  电动割草机问题功能元相关分析网
备选问题功能元选项问题产生可能性可控性及舒适度
1.割草/树枝刀头不好用,通过更换刀头即可解决,出现问题可能性低控制容易
2.移动手柄、割草/树枝人承受整机的重量,同时控制高度和角度,导致切割出现问题的可能性高不易控制,舒适度低
3.调节转矩调节转矩按钮出现故障,更换调节按钮可解决,出现问题可能性低控制容易
4.调节挡位、调节转矩人控制不好调节转矩的按钮,可锁定调整好的速度,出现问题可能性低控制容易,舒适度一般
5.调节挡位、调节转矩和移动手柄、割草/树枝人同时控制转矩按钮和手柄,并且需要调整高度和角度,不良的人机交互顺序引起切割草/树枝出现问题的可能性高不易控制,舒适度低
6.调整刀头角度按压机头旋转按钮出现故障,可通过更换按钮解决,出现问题可能性低控制容易
7.按压机头旋转按钮、调整刀头角度人需要在按住旋转按钮的同时调节刀头角度,但切割过程中调节次数少,出现问题可能性低控制容易,舒适度一般
表1  电动割草机的备选问题功能元
图11  基于功能表面的电动割草机功能关系模型
图12  电动割草机初始冲突区域的因果蕴含分析图
关键问题切割效率舒适度可控性性能提升度
B46446
B55475
B67685
B98978
表2  电动割草机关键问题衡量指标的量值
图13  操作者与电动割草机手柄之间的物质-场模型
设计方案切割效率舒适度可控性性能提升度
Z18679
Z26657
Z35486
Z47568
表3  电动割草机各设计方案衡量指标的量值
图14  改进后的电动割草机
图15  改进前后电动割草机的舒适度对比
图16  改进前后电动割草机的作业姿势对比
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