基于图和体分解的异型零件加工特征识别方法

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.061

工程设计学报

2023, Vol. 30

Issue (5): 545-553 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.061

机械设计理论与方法

基于图和体分解的异型零件加工特征识别方法

李旺¹(

),刘厚才¹(

),康辉民¹(

),欧阳智海¹,曹正¹,周岳¹,蒋冠¹,段良辉²

^1.湖南科技大学机电工程学院，湖南湘潭 411201
^2.江南工业集团有限公司数控加工分厂，湖南湘潭 411207

Machining feature recognition method of special-shaped parts based on graph and volume decomposition

Wang LI¹(

),Houcai LIU¹(

),Huimin KANG¹(

),Zhihai OUYANG¹,Zheng CAO¹,Yue ZHOU¹,Guan JIANG¹,Lianghui DUAN²

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
^2.Numerical Control Processing Branch, Jiangnan Industrial Group Co. , Ltd. , Xiangtan 411207, China

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摘要：

针对异型零件具有众多复杂的相交特征，加工特征难以自动识别，进而影响其高效、高质量自动编程设计的问题，提出了一种基于图和体分解的加工特征识别方法。首先，以STEP中性文件作为输入，获取异型零件的几何、拓扑信息，以构造其毛坯特征和体积特征；同时，采用布尔减运算得到异型零件的加工体积特征，并将其分解为只含凸边关系的单一特征。然后，设计了一种基于特征面关系的几何特征矩阵（geometric feature matrix, GFM）和拓扑特征矩阵（topological feature matrix, TFM）构建方法，其中GFM侧重描述零件模型中面与面之间的位置关系，TFM侧重描述零件模型中面与面之间相邻的凹凸性，该方法较好地解决了传统属性邻接矩阵（attribute adjacency matrix, AAM）易出现无法准确表达零件加工特征的问题。最后，将异型零件的GFM和TFM与加工特征库进行匹配，以实现其加工特征的识别。在Visual Studio 2019平台中开发基于图和体分解的异型零件加工特征识别系统并开展验证实验。结果表明，所提出的方法能准确识别异型零件的所有加工特征，这可为异型零件加工工艺的自动编制和智能制造提供理论依据。

关键词： 异型零件; 加工特征; 相交特征; 体分解; 特征矩阵

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that special-shaped parts have many complex intersecting features and the machining features are difficult to recognize automatically, which affects their high-efficiency and high-quality automatic programming design, a machining feature recognition method based on graph and volume decomposition is proposed. Firstly, the STEP neutral file was used as input, and the geometric and topological information of the special-shaped part was obtained to construct its blank and volume features. At the same time, the Boolean subtraction was used to obtain the machining volume features of the special-shaped part, and the features were decomposed into single features with only convex edge relationships. Then, a geometric feature matrix (GFM) and topological feature matrix (TFM) construction method based on the relationship of feature surfaces was designed, in which GFM focused on describing the position relationship between surfaces of the part model, and the TFM focused on describing the adjacent concavity and convexity between surfaces of the part model. This method better solved the problem that the traditional attribute adjacency matrix (AAM) was prone to fail to accurately express the machining features of parts. Finally, the GFM and TFM of the special-shaped part were matched with the machining feature database to achieve recognition of machining features. The machining feature recognition system for special-shaped parts based on graph and volume decomposition was developed on Visual Studio 2019 platform and the verification experiments were carried out. The results show that this method can accurately recognize all machining features of special-shaped parts, which can provide a theoretical basis for the automatic programming of machining processes and intelligent manufacturing of special-shaped parts.

Key words: special-shaped part machining feature intersecting feature volume decomposition feature matrix

收稿日期: 2022-11-08 出版日期: 2023-11-03

CLC:

TH 166

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875198);湖南省省市联合基金资助项目(2021JJ50118);湘潭市科技局科技攻关项目(GX-YB20221004)

通讯作者: 刘厚才,康辉民 E-mail: lw1157102870@163.com;houcailiu@163.com;xykanghm@163.com

作者简介: 李旺（1995—），男，湖南湘潭人，硕士生，从事数字化与智能制造技术研究，E-mail: lw1157102870@163.com，https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3347-654X

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引用本文:

李旺,刘厚才,康辉民,欧阳智海,曹正,周岳,蒋冠,段良辉. 基于图和体分解的异型零件加工特征识别方法[J]. 工程设计学报, 2023, 30(5): 545-553.

Wang LI,Houcai LIU,Huimin KANG,Zhihai OUYANG,Zheng CAO,Yue ZHOU,Guan JIANG,Lianghui DUAN. Machining feature recognition method of special-shaped parts based on graph and volume decomposition[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2023, 30(5): 545-553.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.061 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2023/V30/I5/545

图1 异型零件加工特征分类

图2 基于图和体分解的异型零件加工特征识别流程

图3 某异型零件的三维模型和AAG

图4 封闭槽特征分解示意

图5 含相交特征的加工体积特征分解示意

图6 基于图和体分解的异型零件复杂特征处理流程

图7 封闭槽的传统AAG和AAM构建

图8 异型零件特征矩阵构建

表1 GFM和TFM中元素值的定义

图9 不同封闭槽的GFM和TFM对比

表2 异型零件的加工特征库（部分）

图10 异型零件加工特征的匹配与识别流程

图11 异型零件加工特征识别系统运行界面

图12 某异型零件的加工特征分解及其GFM和TFM构建

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