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工程设计学报  2022, Vol. 29 Issue (6): 684-694    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.085
创新设计     
气动软体采摘机械手设计及实验研究
李三平1(),孙腾佳1,袁龙强1,吴立国1,2()
1.东北林业大学 机电工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
2.国家林业和草原局 哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150086
Design and experimental research of pneumatic soft picking manipulator
San-ping LI1(),Teng-jia SUN1,Long-qiang YUAN1,Li-guo WU1,2()
1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2.Harbin Forestry Machinery Research Institute, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150086, China
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摘要:

针对传统刚性采摘机械手适用范围小、环境适应性差及对果蔬损伤大等问题,设计了一种面向沙果采摘的刚柔耦合气动软体采摘机械手。根据沙果的结果特点以及采摘要求,确定了六指包裹式采摘形式。以龙丰果为例,建立了采摘机械手软体手指弯曲角度计算模型,确定了单指的弯曲角度;通过3种硅胶材料的拉伸对比实验,选定HY-E620型硅胶作为软体手指的材料;开展了多种结构对软体手指弯曲性能影响的ABAQUS有限元仿真分析,确定了较优的结构;利用实验测定了不同驱动气压条件下单根软体手指弯曲角度与输出力的对应关系,并在0.08 MPa驱动气压下对多种水果进行三指抓取实验,验证了软体手指结构的合理性。最后,试制了六指包裹式气动软体采摘机械手,并分别对沙果、苹果、梨和橘子等进行了采摘实验。结果表明:所设计的采摘机械手不仅对含3~6个果实的成串沙果的采摘成功率达到80%,还可采摘苹果、梨和橘子等类球形水果,具有一定的通用性,可为水果采摘机械手的设计与研究提供新思路。

关键词: 气动软体采摘机械手沙果采摘六指包裹式抓取实验有限元分析    
Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of traditional rigid picking manipulators, such as small scope of application, poor environmental adaptability and great damage to fruits and vegetables, a rigid-flexible coupling pneumatic soft picking manipulator for crabapple picking was designed. According to the characteristics and picking requirements of crabapple, the six-finger wrapped picking form was determined. Taking Longfeng fruit as an example, the bending angle calculation model for the soft finger of picking manipulator was established, and the bending angle of single finger was determined; the HY-E620 type silicone was selected as the material of soft fingers through the tensile contrast experiment of three kinds of silicone materials; the ABAQUS finite element simulation analysis of the influence of various structures on the bending performance of soft fingers was carried out, and the optimal structure was determined; the corresponding relationships between the bending angle and the output force of a single soft finger under different driving pressure conditions were measured by experiments, and the three-finger grasping experiment for various fruits under the driving pressure of 0.08 MPa was carried out, which verified the rationality of the soft finger structure. Finally, a six-finger wrapped pneumatic soft picking manipulator was trial-produced, and the picking experiments were carried out on crabapple, apple, pear and orange. The results showed that the designed picking manipulator could not only pick clustering crabapples containing 3?6 fruits with a success rate of 80%, but also pick apples, pears, oranges and other spherical fruits, which had a certain versatility, and could provide a new idea for the design and research of fruit picking manipulator.

Key words: pneumatic soft picking manipulator    crabapple picking    six finger wrapped type    grasping experiment    finite element analysis
收稿日期: 2022-04-14 出版日期: 2023-01-06
CLC:  TH 138  
基金资助: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2020MB010);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2572014BB06)
通讯作者: 吴立国     E-mail: bluelii73@163.com;wlg0041@163.com
作者简介: 李三平(1981—),女,湖北汉川人,副教授,博士,从事农林业机械装备技术研究,E-mail: bluelii73@163.com,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6355-9133
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引用本文:

李三平,孙腾佳,袁龙强,吴立国. 气动软体采摘机械手设计及实验研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2022, 29(6): 684-694.

San-ping LI,Teng-jia SUN,Long-qiang YUAN,Li-guo WU. Design and experimental research of pneumatic soft picking manipulator[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2022, 29(6): 684-694.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.085        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2022/V29/I6/684

图1  沙果树实物图
图2  气动软体采摘机械手结构示意
组别龙丰果数量/个
123456
第1组43.291.991.2115.3106.2118.2
第2组42.047.891.1104.3121.6118.9
第3组41.547.093.2107.586.0124.5
第4组48.191.486.1116.399.792.5
表1  各组龙丰果的直径 (mm)
图3  软体手指弯曲角度计算模型
图4  3种硅胶的应力—应变拟合曲线
图5  3种硅胶浇注的软体手指
参数数值参数数值
a13a33
b13b39
l1113c312
m117d318
r113e33
r126f36
r139l3113
a23m311
b23r316
c26r329
d212a43
e218b49
f23l4113
g26m411
h29r413
l2113r426
m217r439
表2  4种软体手指的应变层结构参数 (mm)
图6  4种软体手指的应变层结构示意
图7  结构对软体手指弯曲性能的影响
图8  气道大小对软体手指弯曲性能的影响
图9  气道形状对软体手指弯曲性能的影响
图10  软体手指模具结构示意
图11  软体手指充气弯曲实验装置
实验序号驱动气压/MPa
0.0250.050.060.070.080.09
平均值8.719.341.760.068.778.3
第1次82039586678
第2次81845637179
第3次102041596978
表3  软体手指弯曲角度测量结果 (°)
图12  软体手指弯曲形态仿真结果
图13  软体手指弯曲角度仿真与实验结果对比
图14  软体手指末端输出力测量装置

驱动

气压

/MPa

弯曲角度/(°)
10203040506070
0.060.2550.1240.0530000
0.070.7230.4010.0320.1750.02800
0.080.9880.7490.4090.3670.1880.0540
表4  软体手指末端输出力测量结果 (N)
抓取对象质量/g
圣女果25
沙糖橘30
鸭梨120
猕猴桃145
橘子115
苹果190
表5  抓取对象质量
图15  三指抓取实验结果
图16  气动软体采摘机械手采摘沙果实验现场
沙果数量/个驱动气压/MPa
0.060.070.08
1043
2056
3488
4598
5879
6887
表6  沙果采摘成功次数
图17  气动软体采摘机械手采摘其他水果实验现场
水果种类驱动气压/MPa
0.060.070.08
橘子989
苹果1098
899
9910
表7  不同水果的采摘成功次数
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