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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (12): 2635-2644    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.12.018
    
Reinforcement of completely weathered granite by nano-silica sol and its permeability law
Zhiyuan CAI(),Wei YANG*(),Yifan HE,Muyuan SONG,Guolian ZUO,Wei CHEN
College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Abstract  

The mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of completely weathered granite soil after silica sol reinforcement were studied by unconfined compressive strength test, triaxial compression test and variable-head permeability test. The results showed that the reinforcement effect of silica sol was closely related to the slurry ratio and the strength increased with time. After 28 days of silica sol reinforcement, the unconfined compressive strength of completely weathered granite soil reached up to 239.0 kPa, and the permeability coefficient decreased to the order of 10?8 cm/s. In order to explore the infiltration and diffusion law of silica sol in completely weathered granite strata, a grouting simulation test was carried out. The test results showed that under the grouting pressure of 10 kPa, the diffusion radius of silica sol slurry in completely weathered granite soil with different dry densities of 1.30 g/cm3,1.36 g/cm3 and 1.42 g/cm3 reached 10.40 cm, 7.85 cm and 5.10 cm respectively. In addition, considering the time-varying viscosity of silica sol and the influence of soil tortuosity, the traditional theoretical formula of infiltration grouting was modified. The modified formula can more accurately describe the infiltration and diffusion law of silica sol in completely weathered granite soil and estimate its infiltration and diffusion range.

Key words： silica sol      completely weathered granite      infiltration grouting      seepage control reinforcement      grouting simulation test      time-variation of viscosity      tortuosity     
Received: 04 December 2024      Published: 25 November 2025
CLC:  TU 45  
Fund:  湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ2020)；湖南省科技创新青年科技人才资助项目(2022RC1174).
Corresponding Authors: Wei YANG     E-mail: caizhiyuan@hnu.edu.cn;yangwei86@hnu.edu.cn
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Zhiyuan CAI
Wei YANG
Yifan HE
Muyuan SONG
Guolian ZUO
Wei CHEN
Cite this article:

Zhiyuan CAI,Wei YANG,Yifan HE,Muyuan SONG,Guolian ZUO,Wei CHEN. Reinforcement of completely weathered granite by nano-silica sol and its permeability law. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(12): 2635-2644.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.12.018     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2025/V59/I12/2635


纳米硅溶胶加固全风化花岗岩及其渗透规律

通过无侧限抗压强度、三轴压缩、变水头渗透试验对硅溶胶加固后全风化花岗岩土体的力学特性及渗透特性展开研究. 结果表明，硅溶胶的加固效果与浆液配比紧密相关且强度随着时间的增长不断增强. 硅溶胶加固28 d后，全风化花岗岩土体的无侧限抗压强度最高达到239.0 kPa，渗透系数下降至10?8 cm/s数量级. 为了探明硅溶胶在全风化花岗岩地层中的渗透扩散规律，进行注浆模拟试验，结果表明在10 kPa的注浆压力下，硅溶胶浆液在干密度为1.30、1.36、1.42 g/cm3的全风化花岗岩土体中扩散半径分别达到10.40、7.85、5.10 cm. 考虑硅溶胶黏度时变性与土体迂曲度的影响对传统渗透注浆理论公式进行了修正，修正后的公式能够更加准确地描述硅溶胶在全风化花岗岩土体中的渗透扩散规律，估算其渗透扩散范围.


关键词： 硅溶胶,  全风化花岗岩,  渗透注浆,  防渗加固,  注浆模拟试验,  黏度时变性,  迂曲度 
Fig.1 Granular gradation curve of completely weathered granite
Fig.2 Silica sol micelle structure
Fig.3 Silica sol and its gels
编号试样ws/%mwn/%wsm/%wnm/%
1S30-4-8304∶1824.01.6
2S30-6-10306∶11025.71.4
3S30-8-12308∶11226.71.3
4S25-4-10254∶11020.02.0
5S25-6-12256∶11221.41.7
6S25-8-8258∶1822.20.9
7S20-4-12204∶11216.02.4
8S20-6-8206∶1817.11.1
9S20-8-10208∶11017.81.1
Tab.1 Orthogonal test scheme of silica sol ratio
Fig.4 Viscosity measurement of silica sol
Fig.5 Determination of silica sol gel time
Fig.6 Silica sol reinforced soil specimens
Fig.7 Grouting simulation test setup
Fig.8 Viscosity change curve of silica sol slurry with time under different ratios
试验编号试样T0/minT1/min
正交试验中硅溶胶浆液1S30-4-82858
2S30-6-102756
3S30-8-123775
4S25-4-101834
5S25-6-123770
6S25-8-8504720
7S20-4-12713
8S20-6-8510790
9S20-8-10480750
补充试验中硅溶胶浆液10S30-4-10816
11S30-8-10103185
12S30-6-896150
13S30-6-121224
14S25-6-1080155
15S20-6-10222430
Tab.2 T0 and T1 of silica sol slurry under different ratios
Fig.9 Linear fit between viscosity inflection time and gel time of silica sol slurry
Fig.10 Fitting curve between viscosity inflection time of silica sol slurry and parameter λ
Fig.11 Unconfined compressive strength of silica sol reinforced soil under different ratios and different curing days
Fig.12 Maximum deviatoric stress of silica sol reinforced soil under different ratios and different confining pressures
Fig.13 Stress-strain curve of S30-8-12 silica sol reinforced soil
编号试样c/kPaφ/(°)
1S30-4-884.31.8
2S30-6-1095.12.5
3S30-8-12104.34.4
4S25-4-1053.30.9
5S25-6-1267.82.1
6S25-8-857.91.7
7S20-4-1248.10.5
8S20-6-847.90.7
9S20-8-1049.60.3
Tab.3 Shear strength index of silica sol reinforced soil under different ratios
编号试样K/(cm·s?1)
dc=0dc=7dc=14dc=28
1S30-4-81.20×10?81.40×10?81.35×10?81.38×10?8
2S30-6-101.77×10?81.68×10?81.52×10?81.47×10?8
3S30-8-121.02×10?81.36×10?81.23×10?81.05×10?8
4S25-4-103.99×10?83.00×10?82.82×10?82.73×10?8
5S25-6-122.94×10?82.39×10?82.36×10?82.35×10?8
6S25-8-82.36×10?59.41×10?62.81×10?61.59×10?8
7S20-4-123.34×10?56.69×10?61.46×10?61.09×10?7
8S20-6-85.24×10?61.81×10?64.15×10?82.60×10?8
9S20-8-104.01×10?61.21×10?62.43×10?82.42×10?8
Tab.4 Permeability coefficient of silica sol reinforced soil under different ratios and different curing days
Fig.14 Silica sol slurry cylindrical diffusion diagram
编号ρd/(g·cm?3)n/%ΓK/(cm·s?1)
11.3050.01.2501.32×10?3
21.3647.71.2605.80×10?4
31.4245.01.2752.73×10?4
Tab.5 Soil parameters for each group in grouting simulation test
Fig.15 Size of grouting stone body in each group
Fig.16 Comparison of diffusion radius results of silica sol slurry in soils with different dry densities
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