Analysis of overexcavation and underexcavation caused by shield tunneling in clay and rock composite stratum

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.06.015

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2025, Vol. 59

Issue (6): 1241-1252 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.06.015

Analysis of overexcavation and underexcavation caused by shield tunneling in clay and rock composite stratum

Yongjie QI1(

),Yicheng JIANG1,Jian ZHOU1,*(

),Weikang ZHANG2,Di ZHANG3,Gang WEI4

1. Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport, Hangzhou 310023, China
3. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430063, China
4. Department of Civil Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China

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Abstract

Shield tunneling in a composite formation of upper clay and lower hard rock can easily cause clay over-excavation, leading to significant deformation of the soil. In order to explore its laws, improvements were made to the traditional flexible membrane compression test. The dynamic excavation of shield tunneling and pressure balance simulation of soil silo were achieved using PFC^3D discrete element software. Based on an actual engineering case in Hangzhou, the excavation rates of clay, hard rock, and strata were quantitatively analyzed, and the three were compared with the measured data values, completing the reliability verification. Further research was conducted on the effects of shield tunneling speed, cutterhead rotation speed, pressure of soil silo, and hard rock ratio of strata on clay overexcavation and underexcavation. The research results indicated that the failure law of the compressed soil sample obtained by numerical simulation was similar to that of the test sample. The stable values of the total excavation rate in the three strata were 1.20, 1.18, and 1.24, which were close to the measured values and all indicated the overexcavation of shield tunneling. The decrease in shield tunneling speed, the increase in cutterhead speed, the decrease in pressure of soil silo, and the increase in proportion of hard rock in the excavation section would all lead to the intensification of clay overexcavation to varying degrees.

Key words： shield tunnel clay-rock composite stratum excavation rate overexcavation quantification simulation of flexible granular film

Received: 27 April 2024 Published: 30 May 2025

CLC:

TU 43

Fund: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51338009)；国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52178399)；中国工程院战略研究与咨询资助项目（2025-29-02）；中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研项目(2022K119-W01).

Corresponding Authors: Jian ZHOU E-mail: qyjdaydayup@zju.edu.cn;zjelim@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Yongjie QI,Yicheng JIANG,Jian ZHOU,Weikang ZHANG,Di ZHANG,Gang WEI. Analysis of overexcavation and underexcavation caused by shield tunneling in clay and rock composite stratum. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(6): 1241-1252.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.06.015 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2025/V59/I6/1241

黏岩复合地层中盾构掘进引起的超欠挖分析

盾构在上软下硬的黏岩复合地层中掘进时，易引起黏土超挖从而导致土体产生大变形. 为了探究其规律，对传统柔性膜压缩试验进行改进，利用PFC^3D离散元软件实现盾构动态开挖和土仓压力平衡模拟. 依托杭州某工程定量分析黏土、硬岩及地层的开挖率，与实测数据进行对比及可靠性验证. 研究盾构掘进速度、刀盘转速、土仓压力、地层软硬比对黏土超欠挖的影响. 研究结果表明：通过数值模拟得到的压缩后土样的破坏规律与试验试样破坏规律相似；3种地层中，稳定后的地层总开挖率分别为1.20、1.18、1.24，与实测值接近，均显示盾构超挖；盾构掘进速度降低、刀盘转速提高、土仓压力减小以及开挖断面内硬岩比例增大均会不同程度导致黏土超挖现象的加剧.

关键词： 盾构隧道, 黏岩复合地层, 开挖率, 超挖量化, 柔性颗粒膜模拟

Fig.1 Geological profile of tunnel passing through clay-rock composite section

Fig.2 Simplified geological distribution diagram of excavation cross-section

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of force principle of granular film

Fig.4 Stress vector diagram of membrane particles before and after loading

Fig.5 Sampling and sample preparation process

Fig.6 Comparison of results of triaxial compression tests on clay

Fig.7 Calibration of clay microscopic parameters

Tab.1 Microscopic parameter calibration results

Fig.8 Shenzhen Sansi universal material testing machine (UTM5605) and rock samples

Fig.9 Comparison of results of uniaxial compression tests on rocks

Fig.10 Calibration of rock microscopic parameters

Tab.2 Statistics of model parameters in existing research

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of cutterhead model

Fig.12 Discrete eelement model diagram of shield excavation simulation

Fig.13 Simulation step diagram of shield tunneling

Fig.14 Principle and effect diagram of applying pressure of soil silo

Fig.15 Comparison of excavation rates in different layers

Fig.16 Comparison of total excavation rate curves obtained by numerical simulation and measured data

Fig.17 Comparison of results obtained by proposed method and Wang Jun’s method^[9]

Fig.18 Variation of excavation rate with excavation speed

Fig.19 Discrete model diagram under different excavation speeds

Fig.20 Variation of excavation rate with rotation speed of cutterhead

Fig.21 Variation of excavation rate with magnitude of pressure of soil silo

Fig.22 Variation of excavation rate with ratio of clay to hard rock


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