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Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (6): 1251-1256    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.06.021
    
Rapid prediction of unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of flapping wing based on GRU
Jia-chi ZHAO1(),Tian-qi WANG2,Li-fang ZENG2,*(),Xue-ming SHAO2
1. Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract  

Traditional computational fluid dynamics surrogate model cannot effectively simulate the highly nonlinear fluid, and existed deep learning-based surrogate models are difficult to deal with temporal sequence information effectively. Based on the gated recurrent units (GRU) and the multilayer perceptron, a two-dimensional airfoil of a flapping-wing aircraft was studied to establish a model for rapid predict unsteady aerodynamic parameters of the flapping-wing. The real-time prediction for the highly unsteady and nonlinear aerodynamic parameters of the flapping wing was realized. The computational fluid dynamics method was used to obtain the aerodynamic parameters of the flapping two-dimensional airfoil and the parameters were used as samples to train the prediction model. The flapping amplitude, the frequency, the swing angle and the motion time of the flapping wing were fed into the prediction model, and the lift, the drag and the moment in the relevant condition could be quickly output. Experimental results showed that the established prediction model has high accuracy and fast calculation speed. The prediction model could realize real-time high-precision prediction for unsteady aerodynamic parameters of flapping wings.



Key wordsgated recurrent units (GRU)      multilayer perceptron      flapping wing      aerodynamic parameter prediction      deep learning      computational fluid dynamics     
Received: 10 June 2022      Published: 30 June 2023
CLC:  V 19  
Fund:  国防基础科研计划资助项目(JCKY2019205A006)
Corresponding Authors: Li-fang ZENG     E-mail: jczhao@zju.edu.cn;lifang_zeng@zju.edu.cn
Cite this article:

Jia-chi ZHAO,Tian-qi WANG,Li-fang ZENG,Xue-ming SHAO. Rapid prediction of unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of flapping wing based on GRU. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(6): 1251-1256.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.06.021     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2023/V57/I6/1251


基于GRU的扑翼非定常气动特性快速预测

为了克服传统计算流体力学代理模型不能有效模拟流体力学高度非线性系统的困难,解决现有基于深度学习的代理模型难以有效处理时间顺序信息的问题,以扑翼飞行器的二维翼型为研究对象,基于门控循环单元(GRU)与多层感知机,建立扑翼非定常气动参数的快速预测模型,实现对扑翼扑动时高度非定常、非线性气动参数的实时预测. 使用计算流体力学方法获得扑翼二维翼型扑动时的气动参数,以该参数为样本训练预测模型. 将扑翼的扑动振幅、频率、摆动角度与运动时间输入预测模型,快速得到扑翼在对应扑动状态下的升力、阻力与力矩. 实验结果表明,所建立的预测模型精度高、计算速度快,能够实现对扑翼非定常气动参数变化的实时高精度预测.


关键词: 门控循环单元(GRU),  多层感知机,  扑翼,  气动参数预测,  深度学习,  计算流体力学 
Fig.1 Elliptic airfoil diagram
Fig.2 Combination distribution of flapping parameters
Fig.3 CFD calculation area and grid distribution
Fig.4 CFD calculation results of aerodynamic parameters
层名称 NN 激活函数
输入层
GRU层1
GRU层2
全连接层1
全连接层2
全连接层3
全连接层4
输出层
4
96
64
128
128
64
16
1

tanh
tanh
Leaky-ReLU
Leaky-ReLU
Leaky-ReLU
Leaky-ReLU
Tab.1 Structure and hyperparameters of aerodynamic parameter prediction model
Fig.5 Loss function curve during training
Fig.6 Test dataset prediction error curve
Fig.7 Comparison of prediction model outputs and CFD results
运算类型 ${\mathit{T} }_{\rm{c} }$/s 运算设备
模型训练
模型预测
CFD计算
36 000
0.03
600
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080ti
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080ti
AMD Ryzen 7 5800H
Tab.2 Prediction model and CFD operation time
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