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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (3): 478-486    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.03.003
交通工程、土木工程     
微生物基建筑材料开发与应用可行性
孙晓燕1(),华文岑1,王海龙1,*(),ALBIOL-IBÁÑEZJosé Ramón2
1. 浙江大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州 310058
2. 瓦伦西亚理工大学 建筑技术研究中心，西班牙 瓦伦西亚 46022
Feasibility on development and application of microbial building material
Xiaoyan SUN1(),Wencen HUA1,Hailong WANG1,*(),José Ramón ALBIOL-IBá?EZ2
1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Building Technology Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
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摘要：

按照地表环境的不同，区分海洋/热泉和风化物，探讨微生物碳酸钙沉积机制，围绕土体加固、结构修复和生物混凝土3个建筑材料开发方向，分析微生物种类、矿化材料类型及物理特征、矿化效率和产物性能. 研究表明，缺陷尺度和损伤龄期是微生物修复建筑材料的关键因素，0.1~1.5 mm裂缝宽度下，普通混凝土强度恢复率可以大于50%，微生物修复开裂龄期为28 d的混凝土强度恢复率为3 d的54%. 利用载体固定化技术，可以延长微生物基建筑材料活跃周期2.5倍，增大沉积碳酸钙晶体尺寸10~25倍，7 d内可以提升抗压强度约40%. 面向太空无人建造，海洋/热泉微生物更适合火星环境，风化物微生物更适合面向月球环境进行开发应用.
关键词： 混凝土;  绿色材料;  智能建造;  碳酸钙沉淀;  微生物    
Abstract:

The mechanism of microbial calcium carbonate deposition was explored by distinguishing between ocean/hot springs and weathered materials based on different surface environment. Three development directions of building materials which are soil reinforcement, structural repair, and bio-concrete were focused on microbial species, mineralized material types together with physical characteristics, mineralization efficiency, and product properties. Results show that defect size and damage age are key factors for microbial remediation of building materials. The strength recovery rate of ordinary concrete can reach over 50% under the crack width of 0.1~1.5 mm, and the strength recovery rate of concrete with 28 days of microbial remediation cracking age is 54% of that at 3 days. Carrier immobilization technology can be used to extend the active period of microbial based building materials by 2.5 times, increase the size of deposited calcium carbonate crystals by 10~25 times, and improve the compressive strength within 7 days by about 40%. Marine/hot spring microorganisms are more suitable for the Martian environment for unmanned construction in space, while weathered microorganisms are more suitable for development and application in the lunar environment.
Key words: concrete    green material    intelligent construction    calcium carbonate precipitation    microorganism
收稿日期: 2025-04-09 出版日期: 2026-02-04
:  TU 528  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52478284）；浙江省尖兵领雁计划资助项目（2023C01154）；山西浙江大学新材料与化工研究院研发资助项目（2022SZ-TD016）；中国建筑材料行业重大科技攻关揭榜挂帅项目（2023JBGS040）.
通讯作者: 王海龙     E-mail: selina@zju.edu.cn;hlwang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 孙晓燕（1976—），女，教授，博导，从事增材智能建造混凝土结构的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-9565. E-mail：selina@zju.edu.cn
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孙晓燕
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ALBIOL-IBá?EZJosé Ramón

引用本文:

孙晓燕,华文岑,王海龙,ALBIOL-IBÁÑEZJosé Ramón. 微生物基建筑材料开发与应用可行性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(3): 478-486.

Xiaoyan SUN,Wencen HUA,Hailong WANG,José Ramón ALBIOL-IBá?EZ. Feasibility on development and application of microbial building material. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(3): 478-486.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.03.003    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I3/478

图 1  海洋/热泉光合微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀的原理
图 2  风化物中微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀的原理
图 3  生物土体加固成型工艺对强度的影响
图 4  结构修复的微观形貌[32-33]
图 5  不同裂缝宽度的强度恢复率
图 6  生物混凝土的强度及产物微观形貌[43-47]
图 7  微生物对月球与火星环境的适应能力
图 8  微生物修复石质佛指[59]
图 9  微生物的固碳效率
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