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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (2): 384-393    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.016
机械工程、能源工程     
基于碳纳米管的Janus太阳能界面蒸发体性能
葛洪宇1(),方震华1,姜俊南1,安锦涛2,刘晓华1,*()
1. 大连理工大学 海洋能源利用与节能教育部重点实验室，辽宁 大连 116024
2. 兰州空间技术物理研究所，甘肃 兰州 730000
Performance of Janus solar interface evaporator based on carbon nanotube
Hongyu GE1(),Zhenhua FANG1,Junnan JIANG1,Jintao AN2,Xiaohua LIU1,*()
1. Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2. Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
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摘要：

提出基于多壁碳纳米管的Janus结构太阳能界面蒸发体的制备方法，将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）、聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）海绵进行组合，只需要喷涂工艺，即可获得上层疏水、下层亲水的Janus结构太阳能界面蒸发体，针对该蒸发体开展吸水性、自漂浮性、光热转换性能、蒸发性能及抗盐性能的实验研究. 研究结果表明，与其他浓度相比，碳纳米管质量浓度为2.0 mg/mL的蒸发体的蒸发性能最佳，具备良好的吸水性能、自漂浮性能及抗盐性能. 在辐照度为1 kW/m2的光照条件下，最大蒸发速率达到1.79 kg/(m2·h)，为无蒸发体的容积式蒸发速率的3.9倍. 当料液质量分数为3.5%时，连续蒸发10 h后的蒸发界面无盐晶体析出，蒸发速率最高为1.68 kg/(m2·h).
关键词： 太阳能;  界面蒸发;  光热转换;  碳纳米管;  蒸发速率    
Abstract:

A method for fabricating Janus solar interfacial evaporators based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) was proposed by combining MWCNTs, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges. Only a spraying process was needed to obtain the Janus solar interfacial evaporator with a hydrophobic upper layer and a hydrophilic lower layer. Experimental investigations were conducted on the evaporator for water absorption, self-floatability, photo-thermal conversion efficiency, evaporation performance, and salt resistance. Results showed that the evaporite with carbon nanotubes mass concentration of 2.0 mg/mL had the best evaporation performance compared with other concentrations, and possessed good water-absorbing, self-floating and salt-resistant properties. The maximum evaporation rate reaches 1.79 kg/(m2·h), which is 3.9 times of the volumetric evaporation rate without evaporator under the solar radiation of 1 kW/m2. The evaporation interface not only has no salt crystals precipitated but also has the highest evaporation rate of 1.68 kg/(m2·h) after continuous evaporation for 10 h at the mass fraction of 3.5% of NaCl solution.
Key words: solar    interfacial evaporation    photothermal conversion    carbon nanotube    evaporation rate
收稿日期: 2023-12-18 出版日期: 2025-02-11
CLC:  TK 519  
基金资助: 大连市科技创新基金资助项目（2021JJ12GX024）.
通讯作者: 刘晓华     E-mail: hongyu.ge@foxmail.com;lxh723@dlut.edu.cn
作者简介: 葛洪宇（1994—），男，博士生，从事太阳能界面蒸发的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-8769.E-mail：hongyu.ge@foxmail.com
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引用本文:

葛洪宇,方震华,姜俊南,安锦涛,刘晓华. 基于碳纳米管的Janus太阳能界面蒸发体性能[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(2): 384-393.

Hongyu GE,Zhenhua FANG,Junnan JIANG,Jintao AN,Xiaohua LIU. Performance of Janus solar interface evaporator based on carbon nanotube. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(2): 384-393.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.016    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I2/384

图 1  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体的制备过程
图 2  太阳能界面蒸发实验系统的装置图
序号实验设备精度量程标准不
确定度		Emin/%Emax/%
1电子天平±1 mg0~1 000 g±0.6 mg0.0390.11
2刻度尺±1 mm0~20 cm±0.6 mm0.020.02
3红外热像仪±2%测量值0~350 ℃±1.2%测量值1.21.2
4光功率计±5%测量值4~20 000 W/m2±2.9%测量值2.92.9
表 1  不同测量仪器的精度、实验不确定度和误差
图 3  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体的吸水及自漂浮性测试
图 4  去离子水液滴撞击的动态过程
图 5  PVA海绵和MWCNTs海绵蒸发体的三维及微观结构
图 6  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体的光吸收率
图 7  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体在辐照度为1 kW/m2的光照条件下的上表面温度变化
图 8  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体在辐照度为1 kW/m2光照条件下的上表面红外热像图
图 9  MWCNTs蒸发体的蒸发性能
图 10  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体蒸发过程中的NaCl晶体自扩散
图 11  MWCNTs海绵蒸发体在NaCl溶液中的蒸发性能
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