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| Field test method for flake spalling of rammed earth sites in high-cold, high-humidity and high-altitude environment |
Bo ZHANG1,2( ),Xin WEI1,2,3,*(),Qiangqiang PEI1,2,3,4,Qinglin GUO1,2,3,4,Yushu BAI1,2,4,Shanlong YANG1,2,3 |
1. Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang 736200, China
2. Research Center for Conservation of Cultural Relics of Dunhuang, Dunhuang 736200, China
3. Gansu Mogao Grottoes Cultural Heritage Conservation Design and Consultation Limited Company, Dunhuang 736200, China
4. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China |
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Abstract Monitoring methods for the development process and mechanism of flake spalling in rammed earth sites were investigated. The Wushaoling Great Wall, characterized by high altitude, cold winters, heavy snowfall, and prolonged freeze–thaw cycles, was selected as the study site. Based on the superficial weathering mechanism of rammed earth under multi-field coupling, regional environmental monitoring was integrated with flake spalling phenomenon capture techniques. Factors including permafrost depth, slope aspect, wall morphology, traditional construction techniques, and high-altitude environmental characteristics were considered. A large-scale field test platform was established, incorporating dynamic monitoring of regional meteorological conditions, macroscopic wall-surface phenomena, and internal water-heat-salt indicators, together with time-lapse surface photography and a black-gold sand speckle monitoring system. The results showed that the field test platform significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of monitoring flake spalling in rammed earth sites. Surface deterioration phenomena and internal water, salt, and thermal response characteristics under high-cold and high-humidity conditions were effectively captured. The occurrence mechanism and staged developmental characteristics of flake spalling were clarified.
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Received: 26 May 2025
Published: 06 May 2026
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| Fund: 国家重点研发计划课题（2023YFF0905900）；甘肃省青年科技基金资助项目（23JRRF0007）. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Xin WEI
E-mail: dhazhangbo@163.com;weixin201954@163.com
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高寒高湿高海拔环境下夯土遗址片状剥落现场试验方法
为了探索夯土遗址立面片状剥落病害发育过程与机理的监测方法，以高海拔、冬季寒冷、积雪量大、冻融周期长的乌鞘岭长城为研究对象，基于多场耦合作用下土遗址浅表层风化机制，结合区域环境监测和片状剥落现象的捕捉方法，考虑冻土深度、阴阳坡和墙体形貌特征、传统工艺和高海拔环境特征，建立区域气象环境、墙体表面宏观现象和内部水-热-盐微观指标动态监测，表面延时摄影和黑金沙散斑监测系统为一体的大型模拟试验场. 结果表明：试验场显著提高了夯土遗址片状剥落病害监测的精准性和可靠性，有效捕捉了高寒高湿环境作用下夯土遗址表面病害现象及内部水、盐、热响应特征，揭示了片状剥落病害的发生机制及其阶段性发育特征.
关键词：
土遗址,
高寒高湿高海拔环境,
片状剥落,
模拟试验场,
环境监测
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