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| Design of indoor emergency evacuation maps for commercial buildings considering landmark salience: taking earthquake evacuation as an example |
Ping DU1,2,3( ),Zhao ZHANG1,4,Tao LIU1,2,3,*(),Xiaoxia YANG5,Nan GUO1,2,3,Pengpeng LI1,2,3 |
1. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying and Mapping, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
4. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Ping Liang Vocational and Technical College, Pingliang 744000, China
5. College of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China |
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Abstract Most traditional indoor evacuation maps neglect emergency wayfinding behaviors and map cognition characteristics, making them unable to meet current demands for indoor emergency evacuation in commercial buildings. To address this, taking earthquake evacuation as an example, emergency wayfinding behaviors in commercial building interiors were analyzed. Persistent stressors in map cognition during wayfinding were identified. A cognitive model for evacuation maps was proposed based on the spatial information supply-demand perspective. Design principles and methods for indoor emergency evacuation maps were established. Using a large urban complex in Lanzhou as a case study, landmark salience for candidate landmarks was calculated for different gender groups, enabling hierarchical landmark extraction. Earthquake evacuation maps were designed according to cartographic theory. Virtual geographic experiments were conducted to evaluate map usability. Results demonstrate that the cognitive model for evacuation maps provides guidance for cartographers during map production. The landmark salience calculation method used shows good applicability. Additionally, evacuation maps incorporating landmark salience can effectively reduce individual state anxiety, enhance map cognitive efficacy and improve evacuation efficiency.
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Received: 26 October 2024
Published: 25 August 2025
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| Fund: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（42461059, 42261076）；甘肃省自然科学重点基金资助项目（25JRRA152）. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Tao LIU
E-mail: 422017390@qq.com;liutao@lzjtu.edu.cn
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顾及地标显著度的商业建筑应急疏散地图设计−以地震疏散为例
传统室内疏散地图忽视个体的应急寻路行为和地图认知特点，难以满足当前商业建筑室内紧急疏散的需要. 为此，以地震应急疏散为例，分析个体在商业建筑室内空间中的应急寻路行为；梳理应急寻路过程中始终存在的地图认知压力源；基于空间信息供需视角，提出疏散地图认知模型；确定室内应急疏散地图的设计原则和设计方法. 以兰州市某大型城市综合体为例，针对不同性别群体计算候选地标的显著度，实现地标分层提取，依据地图学相关理论，设计地震应急疏散地图；开展虚拟地理试验，评价地震应急疏散地图的可用性. 试验结果表明，疏散地图认知模型对制图者的地图设计具有指导作用，本研究所采用的地标显著度计算方法适用性较好，顾及地标显著度的商业建筑应急疏散地图能够有效缓解个体的状态焦虑，提高地图认知效能和疏散效率.
关键词：
应急寻路,
室内疏散地图设计,
地图认知,
地标显著度,
商业建筑
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