1. School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China 2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan 3. Key Laboratory of Traffic Information and Safety, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei 230601, China 4. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
A multi-agent parking simulation framework was constructed in order to formulate autonomous vehicle (AV) parking demand management strategies. Two charging strategies for empty-load driving were proposed: a static charge based on driving distance and a dynamic charge based on road congestion levels. Rate calculation method was analyzed. Cost functions for parking lots, residential parking, and continuous empty cruising were established under these charging policies. A logit model was used to describe the choice behavior under different parking modes. The simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) was used to conduct a large-scale road network simulation experiment in Nanning’s main urban area. AV parking behavior and road network operation under both strategies were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the empty-load driving mileage of AVs decreased by 20.16% and 10.85% under the static and dynamic charging strategies, respectively. Total vehicle delay decreased by 39.80% and 43.52%, respectively. The dynamic charging strategy was adjustable in real-time based on road conditions, and operational efficiency of the road network was significantly enhanced.
Tab.6Characteristics of AV parking mode in different scenarios
Fig.5Variation of AV empty-load driving mileage for different scenario
Fig.6Variation of AV empty-load travel time for different scenario
Fig.7Variation in traffic volume compared to no-charge scenario (scenario 1)
Fig.8Comparison of relative speeds during morning peak across different scenario
道路类型
场景2
场景3
γm
γv
γd
γm
γv
γd
高速公路
?2.69
0.02
?0.41
?1.76
0.01
?0.39
快速路
?13.67
3.38
?56.53
?11.78
3.87
?53.99
主干道
?7.34
3.48
?43.52
?6.55
4.25
?44.22
次干道
?9.05
3.59
?36.64
?6.07
3.71
?43.21
三级道路
?5.13
2.41
?27.62
?4.39
3.06
?32.81
居住区道路
?6.46
2.44
?31.44
?6.27
1.45
?43.15
Tab.7Change in miles traveled, speed, and delay on different road types compared to no-charge scenario (scenario 1) %
Fig.9Distribution of parking fees
Fig.10Distribution of empty-load charging for AV parking
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