Optimization of parking charge strategy based on dispatching autonomous vehicles

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.01.010

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2024, Vol. 58

Issue (1): 87-95 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.01.010

Optimization of parking charge strategy based on dispatching autonomous vehicles

Chi FENG1,2(

),Zhenyu MEI3,4,*(

)

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Quzhou 324000, China
3. Institute of Intelligent Transportation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
4. Balance Architecture Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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Abstract

A parking charge strategy based on dispatching autonomous vehicles was proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the parking system that accommodates both human-driven vehicles and autonomous vehicles. This strategy provides autonomous vehicles dispatch service to the human-driven vehicle when there is no available parking space in the parking lot but there are autonomous vehicles. The parking system will dispatch a number of autonomous vehicles among multiple parking lots to create an available parking space for the human-driven vehicle in its target parking lot after charging a certain dispatch fee of the human-driven vehicle’s user. Since each parking lot’s dispatch fee can affect the human-driven vehicle users’ parking choices, and thus affect the operation efficiency of the parking system. An agent-based parking simulation model was constructed, and differentiated dispatch fee of every parking lot was set by the genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that the differentiated parking charge strategy based on dispatching the autonomous vehicles can significantly reduce the driving time, walking time, total travel time and mileage of the human-driven vehicle users, increase the revenue of the parking system, reduce the social cost and effectively alleviate the parking problem.

Key words： parking dispatch parking charge autonomous vehicle agent-based model parking strategy

Received: 02 April 2023 Published: 07 November 2023

CLC:

U 491

Fund: 浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划资助项目（2021C01G6233854，2022C01143）；衢州学院科研启动经费资助项目（KYQD003223001）

Corresponding Authors: Zhenyu MEI E-mail: fengchi@qzc.edu.cn;meizhenyu@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Chi FENG,Zhenyu MEI. Optimization of parking charge strategy based on dispatching autonomous vehicles. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(1): 87-95.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.01.010 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2024/V58/I1/87

基于自动驾驶车辆调度的停车系统收费策略优化

针对有人驾驶车辆与自动驾驶车辆共存的停车系统，设计基于自动驾驶车辆调度的停车系统收费策略，以提升停车系统运行效率. 该策略在停车场无可用停车泊位但存在自动驾驶车辆时向有人驾驶车辆提供自动驾驶车辆调度服务，停车系统向有人驾驶车辆收取一定调度费用后，通过在多个停车场间调度若干自动驾驶车辆，为有人驾驶车辆在其目标停车场创造可用停车泊位. 各停车场的调度费用会影响有人驾驶车辆用户的停车选择，进而影响停车系统的运行效率，构建基于智能体的停车仿真模型，采用遗传算法差异化地设置系统内各个停车场的停车调度收费方案. 仿真结果显示，采用基于自动驾驶车辆调度的差异化收费策略，可以有效地减少有人驾驶车辆用户的行驶时间、步行时间、总出行时间及行驶里程，增加停车系统营收，降低社会成本，有效地缓解停车矛盾.

关键词： 停车调度, 停车收费, 自动驾驶车辆, 基于智能体模型, 停车策略

Fig.1 Parking patterns of human-driven and autonomous vehicle users

Fig.2 Parking flow diagram of human-driven vehicle

Fig.3 Parking flow diagram of autonomous vehicle

Fig.4 Operation process of AV dispatch system

Fig.5 Comparison of autonomous vehicles dispatch schemes

Tab.1 Cost comparison of autonomous vehicles dispatch schemes

Fig.6 Flow chart of dispatch service fee formulation

Fig.7 Location of Wulin Business District, Hangzhou

Fig.8 Road network of Wulin Business District

Tab.2 Travel distribution

Tab.3 Value of parameters of agent-based model

Fig.9 Average time of human-driven vehicles under different strategies

Fig.10 Average travel mileage of human-driven vehicles under different strategies

Fig.11 Average parking mileage of autonomous vehicles under different strategies

Fig.12 Dispatch service income under different strategies

Fig.13 Social cost under different strategies

Fig.14 Comprehensive index under different strategies


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