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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (6): 1165-1174    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.06.012
    
Dynamic response characteristics of wind turbine drivetrain and influence of support system
Cong-er BAI1,2(),Zhe-jie SUN1,2,Mei-juan QIN1,2,Xiao WANG1,2,Yong LIU1,2
1. Zhejiang Windey Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310012, China
2. Key Laboratory of Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Abstract  

To investigate the dynamic response of wind turbine drivetrain, a multi-body dynamic simulation model with rigid-flexible coupling drivetrain was established for a certain MW class wind turbine, which was taken as the research object. The influence of frame flexibility, isolator stiffness of gearbox and generator on the dynamic response characteristics of drivetrain, including the modal of drivetrain, the resonance and the dynamic response under different wind conditions, was analyzed respectively. The validity of the model was verified through in-plant vibration test in time domain and frequency domain. Results show that the modals where the vibration energy is mainly distributed in the generator shell and the gearbox housing are affected mostly by the support system. Reasonable stiffness design of the support system can effectively reduce the resonance risk of the drivetrain. The time domain analysis results show that the vibration velocity deviation of components caused by resonance can reach up to 120%. Increasing the isolator stiffness of gearbox and decreasing the isolator stiffness of generator are conducive for reducing the vibration level of drivetrain.

Key words： wind turbine      drivetrain      support system      dynamic response characteristic      dynamic simulation     
Received: 27 May 2022      Published: 30 June 2023
CLC:  TK 83  
  TH 113.1  
Fund:  浙江省重点研发计划资助项目（2021C01150）
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Cong-er BAI
Zhe-jie SUN
Mei-juan QIN
Xiao WANG
Yong LIU
Cite this article:

Cong-er BAI,Zhe-jie SUN,Mei-juan QIN,Xiao WANG,Yong LIU. Dynamic response characteristics of wind turbine drivetrain and influence of support system. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(6): 1165-1174.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.06.012     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2023/V57/I6/1165


风电机组传动链动力响应特性与支撑系统影响

针对风力发电机组传动链动力学响应问题，以某兆瓦级风电机组为研究对象，建立传动链刚柔耦合的多体动力学仿真模型.分别分析机架柔性、齿轮箱弹性支撑刚度、发电机弹性支撑刚度对传动链动力响应特性（包括传动链模态、谐振与不同风况条件下的振动响应）的影响规律；通过实验室内振动测试，分别从时域和频域上验证模型的有效性. 结果表明：支撑系统对振动能量主要分布在发电机壳体、齿轮箱箱体的模态影响最大，合理进行支撑系统刚度设计能够有效降低传动链共振风险. 时域分析结果表明，谐振引起的零部件振动速度偏差最大达到120%；增大齿轮箱弹性支撑刚度并降低发电机弹性支撑刚度，有助于降低传动链振动水平.


关键词： 风电机组,  传动链,  支撑系统,  动力响应特性,  动力学仿真 
Fig.1 Rigid-flexible coupling multi-body model of wind turbine drivetrain
参数 数值
kg-x/(kN·mm?1) 7
kg-y， kg-z/(kN·mm?1) 350
Dg 0.10
ke-x，ke-y /(kN·mm?1) 18
ke-z/(kN·mm?1) 15
De 0.01
nin/(r·min?1) 1 100
nout/(r·min?1) 1 750
Vr/(m·s?1) 8.8
Tab.1 Key parameters of wind turbine drivetrain
N fN/Hz 主要模态振型 N fN/Hz 主要模态振型
1 1.24 系统扭转 17 285.67 齿轮箱低速级+中间级扭转
2 1.78 系统扭转 18 303.53 联轴器扭转
3 9.19 发电机壳体+转子平动 19 315.78 齿轮箱箱体+低速级6自由度耦合
4 10.05 发电机壳体+转子平动 20 400.99 主轴扭转
5 12.97 发电机壳体+转子平动 21 419.92 齿轮箱中间级6自由度
6 19.24 发电机壳体+转子转动 22 462.19 齿轮箱高速级+联轴器扭转
7 24.74 发电机壳体+转子转动 23 482.57 齿轮箱箱体转动
8 25.02 发电机壳体+转子转动 24 484.37 齿轮箱中间级转动
9 26.26 系统扭转 25 496.00 低速级平动
10 43.07 齿轮箱箱体6自由度 26 517.19 发电机转子平动
11 146.56 高速级平动 27 808.30 齿轮箱中间级转动
12 167.83 齿轮箱箱体+低速级扭转 28 1070.25 齿轮箱低速级转动
13 197.44 齿轮箱箱体转动 29 1169.80 主轴+齿轮箱低速级耦合
14 200.04 齿轮箱低速级平动 30 1451.39 齿轮箱高速级6自由度
15 206.06 齿轮箱中间级平动 31 1648.17 齿轮箱高速级6自由度
16 250.20 齿轮箱箱体+中间级6自由度耦合 32 2219.61 齿轮箱中间级转动
Tab.2 Natural frequencies and main mode shapes of wind turbine drivetrain
Fig.2 Typical mode shapes of wind turbine drivetrain
Fig.3 Campbell diagram of wind turbine drivetrain
点编号 f/Hz 激励源
1 19.24 高速轴转频基频
2 24.74 高速轴转频基频
3 25.02 高速轴转频基频
4 26.26 高速轴转频基频
5 43.07 高速轴转频2倍频
6 43.07 低速级齿轮啮频3倍频
7 167.83 中间级齿轮啮频2倍频
8 197.44 中间级齿轮啮频2倍频
9 206.06 中间级齿轮啮频2倍频
10 250.20 中间级齿轮啮频3倍频
11 285.67 中间级齿轮啮频3倍频
12 315.78 中间级齿轮啮频3倍频
13 1 451.39 高速级齿轮啮频2倍频
14 1 648.17 高速级齿轮啮频3倍频
Tab.3 Potential resonances of wind turbine drivetrain
N 机架2 机架3
fN/Hz σ/% fN/Hz σ/%
3 12.79 39.16 13.01 41.63
4 13.57 35.11 13.32 32.58
5 19.49 50.31 25.31 95.24
6 27.91 45.06 28.41 47.67
7 31.69 28.11 32.64 31.93
8 32.05 28.08 33.84 35.24
10 55.18 28.12 56.20 30.48
12 174.31 3.86 175.82 4.76
13 262.12 32.76 269.85 36.68
15 199.70 -3.09 183.23 -11.08
16 258.44 3.29 240.11 -4.03
19 411.07 30.18 426.53 35.07
23 515.26 6.77 535.28 10.92
Tab.4 Natural frequencies of drivetrains using frame 2 and frame 3 and deviation from wind turbine drivetrain using frame 1
点编号 f/Hz 激励源
机架2 机架3
1 19.49 25.31 高速轴转频基频
2 26.29 26.29 高速轴转频基频
3 27.91 28.41 高速轴转频基频
4 55.18 56.20 高速轴转频2倍频
5 174.31 175.82 中间级齿轮啮频2倍频
6 199.70 183.23 中间级齿轮啮频2倍频
7 258.44 240.11 中间级齿轮啮频3倍频
8 262.12 269.85 中间级齿轮啮频3倍频
9 283.79 280.33 中间级齿轮啮频3倍频
10 515.26 535.28 高速级齿轮啮频基频
11 1452.67 1453.12 高速级齿轮啮频2倍频
12 1642.03 1643.52 高速级齿轮啮频3倍频
Tab.5 Potential resonances of wind turbine drivetrains using frame 2 and frame 3
N Yoke2 Yoke3
fN/Hz σ/% fN/Hz σ/%
10 34.18 ?20.64 43.41 0.79
12 156.34 ?6.85 169.43 0.95
13 189.20 ?4.17 200.10 1.35
16 236.73 ?5.39 252.46 0.90
19 328.04 3.88 309.72 ?1.92
23 430.34 ?10.82 570.87 18.30
Tab.6 Natural frequencies of wind turbine drivetrains using various isolators of gearbox
kN/mm
名称 ke-x ke-y ke-z
Iso2 12.0 12.0 10
Iso3 8.4 8.4 7
Iso4 4.5 4.5 4
Tab.7 Stiffness of common types of generator isolator
N Iso2 Iso3 Iso4
fN/Hz σ/% fN/Hz σ/% fN/Hz σ/%
3 6.33 ?31.11 6.13 ?33.24 4.40 ?52.16
4 7.69 ?23.45 6.17 ?38.63 5.20 ?48.24
5 7.79 ?39.91 7.04 ?45.72 6.29 ?51.48
6 16.00 ?16.85 13.52 ?29.73 7.76 ?59.67
7 19.09 ?22.81 16.38 ?33.77 9.99 ?59.63
8 20.83 ?16.74 19.07 ?23.77 12.56 ?49.81
10 41.03 ?4.75 41.19 ?4.37 40.96 ?4.90
Tab.8 Natural frequencies of wind turbine drivetrains using various isolator stiffnesses of generator
Fig.4 Wind turbine co-simulation model
Fig.5 Vibration velocity frequency domain of two isolator systems
Fig.6 Vibration velocity response of drivetrain under different working conditions
Fig.7 Vibration acceleration response of drivetrain under different working conditions
Fig.8 Vibration test schematic of wind turbine drivetrain
Fig.9 Comparison of vibration velocity response at different points of wind turbine drivetrain
Fig.10 Vibration velocity spectrum at different points of wind turbine drivetrain under rated operating condition
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