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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (9): 1744-1751    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.09.016
    
Model test on long-term dynamic characteristics study of gravity foundation onshore wind turbine
Ze-hao ZHU1(),Fu-sheng TONG2,Zhen GUO1,*(),Li-zhong WANG1,Jia-li ZHANG2,Jiang-bo CHEN2
1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Shanxi Industrial Equipment Installation Group Limited Company, Taiyuan 030032, China
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Abstract  

In order to study the long-term dynamic characteristic of onshore wind turbines, a 1:50 scale model test for the existing onshore wind turbine structure supported by gravity foundation was carried out, and combined the similitude relationships the natural frequency and the damping’ evolution of the wind turbine structure in service were obtained. A simplified model of top mass-tower-foundation was established, and 7 groups of tests were carried out based on the similitude relationships and the cyclic loading device. Test results show that the natural frequency ratio of the onshore wind turbine structure shows an increasing trend during operation, and the growth rate gradually decreases with the increase of the number of cyclic loading, while the structural damping ratio shows a gradually decreasing development trend. During the cyclic loading process, the strain level of the soil under the foundation and the load frequency have a great impact on the dynamic stability of the structure.

Key words： onshore wind turbine      gravity foundation      model test      similitude relationships      evolution of dynamic characteristic     
Received: 10 October 2020      Published: 20 October 2021
CLC:  TU 311.3  
Fund:  国家自然科学基金资助项目（51779220，51939010）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LHZ19E090003，LY15E090002）；浙江省重点研发资助项目（2018C03031）；装备预研教育部联合基金资助项目（6141A02022137）
Corresponding Authors: Zhen GUO     E-mail: zhuzehaozzz@163.com;nehzoug@163.com
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Ze-hao ZHU
Fu-sheng TONG
Zhen GUO
Li-zhong WANG
Jia-li ZHANG
Jiang-bo CHEN
Cite this article:

Ze-hao ZHU,Fu-sheng TONG,Zhen GUO,Li-zhong WANG,Jia-li ZHANG,Jiang-bo CHEN. Model test on long-term dynamic characteristics study of gravity foundation onshore wind turbine. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(9): 1744-1751.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.09.016     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2021/V55/I9/1744


重力式基础陆上风机结构长期动力特性试验研究

为了揭示陆上风机服役期间动力特性发展规律，针对现有重力式基础支撑的陆上风机结构开展1∶50缩尺模型试验，结合相似性理论获得风机结构在服役状态下的整机频率和阻尼演变规律. 建立顶部集中质量—塔架—基础的简化模型，基于相似性理论和循环加载装置开展7组相关试验. 试验结果表明：陆上风机结构自振频率比在运行期间呈增长的趋势，且增长速率随着循环加载次数增加逐渐减小，结构阻尼比则呈逐渐减小的发展趋势；在循环加载过程中，基底土体应变水平和荷载频率对结构动力稳定性的影响较大.


关键词： 陆上风机,  重力式基础,  模型试验,  相似性理论,  动力特性发展规律 
参数 符号 数值 单位
轮毅高度 L 90 m
叶轮直径 Db 140.36 m
叶轮转速 n 6~12 r/min
年平均风速 v 7.2 m/s
切入风速 vin 2.5 m/s
切出风速 vout 20 m/s
塔架上部直径 Dt 3.8 m
塔架下部直径 Db 4.6 m
基础埋深 HF 4 m
基础底部直径 D 19.6 m
上部结构质量 M1 233 t
塔架质量 M2 280 t
基础质量 M3 1350 t
荷载作用高度 LF 85 m
湍流系数 I 15 %
Tab.1 Key parameters of 3.4 WM wind turbine
Fig.1 Wind turbine simplified model
物理意义 无量纲化关系 比例大小
几何相似 L/D 1∶50
质量相似 M1∶M2∶M3 1∶1.2∶5.78
荷载作用高度相似 LF/D 1∶50
基底应变相似 H/GD2 --
荷载频率相似 fF/fn-in --
Tab.2 Non-dimensional similarity relationships
Fig.2 Model foundation, tower and cyclic loading device
物理量 符号 数值 单位
比重 Gs 2.622
中值粒径 d50 0.16 mm
最大孔隙比 emax 0.943
最小孔隙比 emin 0.60
相对密实度 Dr 60 %
土体切变模量 G 12.2 MPa
Tab.3 Basic physical and mechanic parameters of sand
Fig.3 Analysis graphics of gear system
工况 Fc/Fs Hdyn/GD2 fF/fn-in N
CLT-1 0.267 5.40×10?6 1.5 1 628 992
CLT-2 0.356 7.08×10?6 1.5 1 700 432
CLT-3 0.445 9.00×10?6 1.5 1 377 834
CLT-4 0.506 1.02×10?5 1.5 1 382 974
CLT-5 0.356 7.08×10?6 0.5 2 773 040
CLT-6 0.356 7.08×10?6 1.25 1 340 919
CLT-7 0.356 7.08×10?6 1.875 2 450 498
Tab.4 Indoor model test program
Fig.4 Loading path and parameters of cyclic tests
Fig.5 Change of natural frequency with number of cycles (CLT-1~CLT-4)
Fig.6 Change of natural frequency with number of cycles (CLT-2, CLT-5~CLT-7)
Fig.7 Change of damping ratio with number of cycles (CLT-1~CLT-4)
Fig.8 Change of soil around foundation
Fig.9 Pressure of the base around the gravity foundation
Fig.10 Time-history curve of base soil pressure under cyclic loading
Fig.11 Change of inclination of the foundation with number of cycles (CLT-5)
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