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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (4): 795-804    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.04.017
交通工程、土木工程     
夏热冬冷地区近零能耗住宅可再生能源设计
陈淑琴1,2(),虞昂1,明焱1,*(),丁德3,2,杨毅3,2
1. 浙江大学 建筑工程学院，浙江 杭州 310058
2. 浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心，浙江 杭州 310012
3. 浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司，浙江 杭州 310063
Design of renewable energy systems for near-zero energy residence in hot summer and cold winter zone
Shu-qin CHEN1,2(),Ang YU1,Yan MING1,*(),De DING3,2,Yi YANG3,2
1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Limited Company, Hangzhou 310063, China
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摘要：

针对目前研究中没有对近零能耗住宅光伏系统、光热系统及其储能设备同时进行优化配置，且未考虑光伏板、集热板安装位置问题，以夏热冬冷地区的典型近零能耗住宅建筑为例，提出可再生能源系统的优化设计方法. 分别以年均系统花费、建筑能耗综合值和光伏本地消纳率为目标，利用粒子群优化算法，对光伏板安装位置、装机容量，太阳能集热板安装位置、装机容量及蓄电池容量进行优化配置. 研究结果表明，若分别以年均系统花费最小和建筑能耗综合值最小为最优目标，与传统方案相比年均系统花费和建筑能耗综合值可分别降低15.8%和降低87.7%. 若以年均系统花费最小和建筑能耗综合值最小为目标，则与传统方案相比建筑能耗综合值可以降低65.8%，但是年均系统花费会增加4.3%. 若以光伏本地消纳最大和建筑能耗综合值最小为目标，则与传统方案相比建筑能耗综合值可以降低59.4%，但是年均系统花费会增加14.7%.
关键词： 可再生能源系统;  优化设计;  近零能耗住宅;  夏热冬冷地区    
Abstract:

Photovoltaic system, photothermal system and energy storage system of a near-zero energy residence were not optimized simultaneously and the installation locations of photovoltaic panels and photothermal panels on the building were not considered. An optimization design method of renewable energy systems was proposed by taking a typical near-zero energy residence in hot summer and cold winter zone as an example. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was utilized by taking average annual cost, comprehensive energy consumption and photovoltaic consumption rate as the objective respectively. The installation locations and capacity of photovoltaic panels and photothermal panels and capacity of batteries were optimized. Results show that average annual cost and comprehensive energy consumption can decrease by 15.8% and 87.7% respectively compared with the traditional scheme by taking average annual cost and comprehensive energy consumption as the objective respectively. Comprehensive energy consumption decreases by 65.8% while average annual cost increases by 4.3% by taking average annual cost and comprehensive energy consumption as targets simultaneously. Comprehensive energy consumption decreases by 59.4% while average annual cost increases by 14.7% by taking photovoltaic accommodation rate and comprehensive energy consumption as targets simultaneously.
Key words: renewable energy system    optimization design    near-zero energy residence    hot summer and cold winter zone
收稿日期: 2022-10-31 出版日期: 2023-04-21
CLC:  TU 241  
基金资助: “十三五”国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFC0704404）；浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心科研资助项目（K横20203512-24C）
通讯作者: 明焱     E-mail: hn_csq@126.com;mmmgmmm@vip.sina.com
作者简介: 陈淑琴（1981—），女，副教授，从事建筑节能的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-5710-8480. E-mail： hn_csq@126.com
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引用本文:

陈淑琴,虞昂,明焱,丁德,杨毅. 夏热冬冷地区近零能耗住宅可再生能源设计[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(4): 795-804.

Shu-qin CHEN,Ang YU,Yan MING,De DING,Yi YANG. Design of renewable energy systems for near-zero energy residence in hot summer and cold winter zone. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(4): 795-804.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.04.017    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2023/V57/I4/795

图 1  家庭能源管理系统的能量流
图 2  基于粒子群算法的可再生能源系统优化设计方法
图 3  杭州市典型住宅的平面图
参数 数值
Kw/(W·m?2·K?1) 0.15
Kr/(W·m?2·K?1) 0.15
p 0.3
Kwin/(W·m?2·K?1) 1
s 冬季0.4，夏季0.3
Kdw, Kf, Kc/(W·m?2·K?1) 2
A 1
表 1  围护结构热工参数
房间类型 Rper/% Pequ/(W·m?2) Requ/% Plig/(W·m?2) Tlig/h
起居室 19.5 5 39.4 6 180
卧室 35.4 6 19.6 6 180
餐厅 19.5 5 39.4 6 180
厨房 4.2 24 16.7 6 180
洗手间 16.7 0 0 6 180
表 2  人员、设备及照明的设置
图 4  建筑逐日制冷能耗、采暖能耗、照明能耗、电器逐日能耗与热水逐日负荷
图 5  典型日电动汽车的充电负荷
图 6  典型住宅立面位置划分
部位 J/(kW·h·m?2·a?1) Rpv/kW 部位 J/(kW·h·m?2·a?1) Rpv/kW 部位 J/(kW·h·m?2·a?1) Rpv/kW 部位 J/(kW·h·m?2·a?1) Rpv/kW
W-1(1F) 779.24 5.23 S-2(7F) 636.52 0.78 S-6(6F) 617.52 0.78 S-10(5F) 602.84 0.78
W-1(2F) 779.24 5.23 S-3(1F) 261.19 1.90 S-6(7F) 633.41 0.78 S-10(6F) 621.51 0.78
W-1(3F) 779.24 5.23 S-3(2F) 293.06 1.90 S-7(1F) 215.02 1.90 S-10(7F) 635.36 0.78
W-1(4F) 779.24 5.23 S-3(3F) 315.36 1.90 S-7(2F) 262.91 1.90 S-11(1F) 235.13 1.90
W-1(5F) 779.24 5.23 S-3(4F) 326.67 1.90 S-7(3F) 299.05 1.90 S-11(2F) 278.68 1.90
W-1(6F) 779.24 5.23 S-3(5F) 337.40 1.90 S-7(4F) 317.66 1.90 S-11(3F) 311.05 1.90
W-1(7F) 779.24 5.23 S-3(6F) 350.37 1.90 S-7(5F) 330.97 1.90 S-11(4F) 325.61 1.90
E-1(1F) 389.27 5.23 S-3(7F) 384.54 1.90 S-7(6F) 346.66 1.90 S-11(5F) 337.71 1.90
E-1(2F) 389.27 5.23 S-4(1F) 483.26 0.78 S-7(7F) 382.89 1.90 S-11(6F) 350.52 1.90
E-1(3F) 389.27 5.23 S-4(2F) 522.50 0.78 S-8(1F) 416.27 0.78 S-11(7F) 384.81 1.90
E-1(4F) 389.27 5.23 S-4(3F) 568.75 0.78 S-8(2F) 472.61 0.78 S-12(1F) 436.94 0.78
E-1(5F) 389.27 5.23 S-4(4F) 591.46 0.78 S-8(3F) 538.34 0.78 S-12(2F) 484.19 0.78
E-1(6F) 389.27 5.23 S-4(5F) 605.91 0.78 S-8(4F) 581.98 0.78 S-12(3F) 539.70 0.78
E-1(7F) 389.27 5.23 S-4(6F) 621.06 0.78 S-8(5F) 599.94 0.78 S-12(4F) 579.64 0.78
S-1(1F) 505.02 2.92 S-4(7F) 635.14 0.78 S-8(6F) 617.22 0.78 S-12(5F) 608.25 0.78
S-1(2F) 531.56 2.92 S-5(1F) 401.31 5.83 S-8(7F) 633.36 0.78 S-12(6F) 624.36 0.78
S-1(3F) 550.20 2.92 S-5(2F) 449.03 5.83 S-9(1F) 365.94 5.83 S-12(7F) 636.52 0.78
S-1(4F) 561.72 2.92 S-5(3F) 491.96 5.83 S-9(2F) 420.73 5.83 S-13(1F) 395.01 2.92
S-1(5F) 571.64 2.92 S-5(4F) 510.70 5.83 S-9(3F) 476.59 5.83 S-13(2F) 435.63 2.92
S-1(6F) 582.61 2.92 S-5(5F) 527.33 5.83 S-9(4F) 503.54 5.83 S-13(3F) 475.52 2.92
S-1(7F) 598.84 2.92 S-5(6F) 545.30 5.83 S-9(5F) 525.09 5.83 S-13(4F) 496.80 2.92
S-2(1F) 511.21 0.78 S-5(7F) 570.58 5.83 S-9(6F) 545.09 5.83 S-13(5F) 516.28 2.92
S-2(2F) 545.76 0.78 S-6(1F) 423.31 0.78 S-9(7F) 570.67 5.83 S-13(6F) 529.01 2.92
S-2(3F) 581.51 0.78 S-6(2F) 480.10 0.78 S-10(1F) 418.84 0.78 S-13(7F) 549.69 2.92
S-2(4F) 598.16 0.78 S-6(3F) 542.99 0.78 S-10(2F) 471.99 0.78 屋顶 1 059.80 46.4
S-2(5F) 611.35 0.78 S-6(4F) 582.62 0.78 S-10(3F) 534.94 0.78 — — —
S-2(6F) 624.43 0.78 S-6(5F) 600.17 0.78 S-10(4F) 577.36 0.78 — — —
表 3  建筑立面与屋顶的太阳年辐射量和光伏装机容量
部件参数 数值 部件参数 数值
光伏发电效率/% 17.67 热泵热水器COP 4.2
光伏运行效率 0.8 热泵主机单价/元 3 300
光伏板单价/(元·W?1 ) 4 蓄热水箱单价/元 1 000
光伏板寿命/a 20 热泵热水器寿命/a 10
蓄电池单价/(元·kW·h?1 ) 1 500 电热水器成本/元 1 500
蓄电池寿命/a 15 电加热器COP 0.95
蓄电池最大SOC 1 电加热器寿命/a 10
蓄电池最小SOC 0.2 光热板单价/元 1 300
电池充放电效率 0.9 每年添加防冻液的成本/元 200
光伏逆变器单价/(元·W?1 ) 0.8 光热系统寿命/a 10
表 4  各部件的系统参数设置
图 7  年均系统花费最小的优化配置结果
图 8  建筑能耗综合值最小的优化配置结果
图 9  年均系统花费和建筑能耗综合值的多目标优化配置结果
图 10  各方案的年均系统花费和建筑能耗综合值
图 11  光伏消纳率和建筑能耗综合值的多目标优化配置结果
图 12  各方案的光伏消纳率和建筑能耗综合值
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