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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (5): 724-736    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.07.011
作物科学     
叶面喷施氨基酸和钾肥对安吉白茶产量与品质的影响
罗凌迅1(),左婷2,程维1,朱永聪1,倪玥敏3,冷明珠4,倪吾钟1()
1.浙江大学环境与资源学院, 浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310058
2.江西省鹰潭市农业农村粮食局, 江西 鹰潭 335000
3.浙江大学农业试验站, 浙江 杭州 310058
4.安吉县农业农村局, 浙江 湖州 313300
Effects of foliar spraying with amino acid and potassium fertilizers on the yield and quality of Anji white tea
Lingxun LUO1(),Ting ZUO2,Wei CHENG1,Yongcong ZHU1,Yuemin NI3,Mingzhu LENG4,Wuzhong NI1()
1.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
2.Agriculture and Rural Grain Bureau of Yingtan City in Jiangxi Province, Yingtan 335000, Jiangxi, China
3.Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
4.Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anji County, Huzhou 313300, Zhejiang, China
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摘要:

早春冷害是影响春茶生产的主要危害因子之一,通过叶面施肥提高茶树的耐寒性和早期鲜叶产量具有广泛的实际意义。本文通过田间试验研究了叶面喷施氨基酸(AA1、AA2)、钾元素(K1、K2)和两者的混合液(AA-K1、AA-K2)对安吉白茶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与喷施清水(CK处理)相比,叶面喷施氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)显著提高了安吉白茶早期鲜叶产量和总产量(P<0.05)。对叶绿体超微结构观察发现,AA-K1处理的叶片在复绿期淀粉粒明显增大。K1、K2处理能明显增加安吉白茶白化前期和复绿期叶片总叶绿素含量,K2处理能明显增加安吉白茶白化前期、白化期、复绿期叶片类胡萝卜素含量。K2、AA-K1处理的可溶性糖含量差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。与CK处理相比,氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)能提高幼叶氨基酸总量,儿茶素含量也显著提高,但咖啡碱含量差异不显著。综上所述,叶面喷施氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)提高了安吉白茶早期鲜叶产量且改善幼叶品质的效果明显,对含氨基酸大量元素水溶肥料的研制具有实际参考价值。

关键词: 安吉白茶氨基酸大量元素水溶肥料叶面肥    
Abstract:

Cold injury in early spring is one of the main harmful factors affecting the production of spring tea. It is of practical significance to improve the cold resistance and early fresh leaf yield of tea plants by foliar fertilization. In this work, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of foliar spraying with amino acids (AA1, AA2), potassium (K1, K2) and their mixed solution (AA-K1, AA-K2) on the yield and quality of Anji white tea. The results showed that compared with spraying water (CK treatment), foliar spraying with the mixed solution of amino acids and potassium (AA-K1 and AA-K2 treatments) significantly increased the early fresh leaf yield and total yield of Anji white tea (P<0.05). By observing the ultrastructures of chloroplasts, it was found that the starch granule size in leaves treated with AA-K1 enlarged significantly during the regreening period. The K1 and K2 treatments obviously increased the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of Anji white tea during the pre-albino period and the regreening period, whereas the K2 treatment obviously increased the carotenoid content in the leaves during the pre-albino period, the albino period and the regreening period. The soluble sugar contents of the K2 and AA-K1 treatments were not significantly different, but both were significantly higher than those of the other treatments (P<0.05). Compared with the CK treatment, the mixed solution of amino acids and potassium (AA-K1 and AA-K2 treatments) increased the total amount of amino acids in the young leaves and significantly increased the catechin content, but the caffeine content was not significantly different. In summary, foliar spraying with the mixed solution of amino acids and potassium (AA-K1 and AA-K2 treatments) can clearly improve the yield of early fresh leaves and improve the young leaf quality of Anji white tea, which has practical reference values for the development of water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and amino acids.

Key words: Anji white tea    amino acid    water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium    potassium    foliar fertilizer
收稿日期: 2023-07-01 出版日期: 2024-10-31
CLC:  S143  
基金资助: 农业农村部农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设专项(浙江省安吉县)(NG/LS2020-71-05)
通讯作者: 倪吾钟     E-mail: luolx12@163.com;wzni@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 罗凌迅(https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8402-9173),E-mail:luolx12@163.com
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引用本文:

罗凌迅,左婷,程维,朱永聪,倪玥敏,冷明珠,倪吾钟. 叶面喷施氨基酸和钾肥对安吉白茶产量与品质的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2024, 50(5): 724-736.

Lingxun LUO,Ting ZUO,Wei CHENG,Yongcong ZHU,Yuemin NI,Mingzhu LENG,Wuzhong NI. Effects of foliar spraying with amino acid and potassium fertilizers on the yield and quality of Anji white tea. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(5): 724-736.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.07.011        https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2024/V50/I5/724

处理

Treatment

水溶性肥料喷施浓度及方法

Water-soluble fertilizer spray concentration and method

喷施量

Spray volume/(L/hm2)

CK清水,喷施2次,间隔8 d750
AA11.6 g/L氨基酸溶液,喷施2次,间隔8 d750
AA23.2 g/L氨基酸溶液,喷施1次750
K115 g/L钾元素溶液,喷施2次,间隔8 d750
K230 g/L钾元素溶液,喷施1次750
AA-K11.6 g/L氨基酸和15 g/L钾元素混合溶液,喷施2次,间隔8 d750
AA-K23.2 g/L氨基酸和30 g/L钾元素混合溶液,喷施1次750
表1  试验处理及喷施量

处理

Treatment

采收期 Harvest period

合计

Total

前期 Early period中期 Mid period后期 Late period

产量

Yield/

(kg/hm2)

增产率

Rate of yield

increase/%

产量

Yield/

(kg/hm2)

增产率

Rate of yield

increase/%

产量

Yield/

(kg/hm2)

增产率

Rate of yield increase/%

产量

Yield/

(kg/hm2)

增产率

Rate of yield

increase/%

CK117.0±1.0d344.1±17.9b320.7±14.1b781.8±2.8b
AA1160.1±9.1c36.8419.3±17.7a21.9388.8±11.5a21.2968.2±38.3a23.8
AA2160.9±5.7c37.5413.6±37.9a20.2349.6±21.1ab9.0924.1±64.8a18.2
K1198.1±6.2b69.3431.1±36.8a25.3377.1±19.8ab17.61 006.3±50.5a28.7
K2217.8±6.6ab86.2420.9±33.3a22.3364.2±17.0ab13.61 002.9±43.7a28.3
AA-K1219.8±12.1a87.9460.1±9.6a33.7323.1±9.3b0.71 003.0±11.7a28.3
AA-K2201.4±12.0ab72.1421.0±25.7a22.3336.1±45.4ab4.8958.5±83.2a22.6
表2  不同处理对安吉白茶鲜叶产量的影响

处理

Treatment

百芽重及增幅

100-bud mass (BM100) and

increase rate (IR)

w(干物质)

Dry matter

content/%

BM100/gIR/%
CK13.0±0.3a19.8±1.6a
AA114.0±0.7a7.723.0±2.3a
AA213.8±0.6a6.225.4±2.3a
K114.0±0.4a7.720.6±0.1a
K213.9±0.1a6.922.2±1.8a
AA-K113.6±0.3a4.620.1±0.3a
AA-K214.0±0.8a7.720.7±0.3a
表3  不同处理对安吉白茶鲜叶百芽重和干物质含量的影响

处理

Treatment

全氮 Total nitrogen全磷 Total phosphorus全钾 Total potassium
w/(g/kg)IR/%w/(g/kg)IR/%w/(g/kg)IR/%
CK20.15±0.32c4.23±0.15c24.29±1.70b
AA130.65±1.41ab52.115.51±0.29ab30.2625.91±0.07b6.67
AA234.05±1.28ab68.984.79±0.07bc13.2426.43±0.50b8.77
K136.03±0.76a78.815.32±0.18ab25.7730.37±4.09a25.07
K233.52±0.59ab66.355.74±0.10a35.7026.48±0.40b9.02
AA-K133.37±0.35ab65.616.04±0.87a42.7926.54±0.02b9.26
AA-K228.97±0.41b43.776.08±0.10a43.7426.52±0.81b9.18
表4  不同处理对安吉白茶叶片氮、磷和钾营养元素含量的影响
图1  安吉白茶叶片在白化前期(A)、白化期(B)、复绿期(C)的表型
图2  安吉白茶阶段性白化过程中不同时期叶绿体超微结构的变化Gr:基粒;St:基质类囊体;Th:类囊体;Et:黄化质体;OG:嗜锇粒;SG:淀粉粒。
图3  白化前期不同处理的安吉白茶叶片光合色素含量短栅上不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异有统计学意义,下同。
图4  白化期不同处理的安吉白茶叶片光合色素含量
图5  复绿期不同处理的安吉白茶叶片光合色素含量
图6  不同处理下安吉白茶白化幼叶品质成分含量比较

处理

Treatment

AspGluAsnSerGlnHisGlyThrArgAla
CK0.53b0.34e0.97a1.24c0.76d0.23b1.82b0.40a1.21a0.69de
AA10.57ab0.40d1.11a1.41bc0.94c0.28a1.78b0.34ab1.43a0.54e
AA20.60ab0.47bc1.00a0.98d0.92c0.25ab2.19a0.35ab1.30a0.61de
K10.62a0.56a1.08a1.56ab1.75a0.25ab2.17a0.35ab1.39a0.75d
K20.55ab0.50b1.02a1.64a0.83cd0.25ab2.06ab0.30b1.22a1.84a
AA-K10.57ab0.42cd1.16a1.37bc0.75d0.23b2.01ab0.29b1.25a1.03c
AA-K20.62a0.57a0.97a1.44abc1.38b0.23b1.91ab0.36ab1.26a1.47b

处理

Treatment

GabaTheaTyrValTrpPheIleLeu

游离氨基酸

Free amino acid

CK1.82d9.17a1.24c0.18c0.39b0.99c0.31c0.51c22.82b
AA11.73d8.48a1.49ab0.29b0.50ab1.20b0.38ab0.67a23.55b
AA22.03cd11.44a1.22c0.35a0.58a1.16bc0.40ab0.58bc26.43ab
K13.14a9.41a1.39bc0.24bc0.50ab1.36a0.42a0.69a27.64a
K22.53bc8.29a1.21c0.23bc0.45b1.02c0.36bc0.59bc24.90ab
AA-K12.72ab9.27a1.58a0.23bc0.46ab1.07bc0.38ab0.64a25.40ab
AA-K22.51bc10.82a1.50ab0.22c0.45b1.43a0.39ab0.60bc28.17a
表5  不同处理下安吉白茶白化幼叶中氨基酸含量比较 (mg/g)
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