2种养殖模式下美洲鲥当年鱼种营养成分比较及品质评价

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.211

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 243-253 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.211

动物科学与动物医学

2种养殖模式下美洲鲥当年鱼种营养成分比较及品质评价

刘永士(

),蒋飞,施永海(

)

上海市水产研究所/上海市水产技术推广站，上海 200433

Evaluation on nutritional components and nutritive quality in body of young fish Alosa sapidissima cultured in two different patterns

Yongshi LIU(

),Fei JIANG,Yonghai SHI(

)

Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute/Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai 200433, China

全文: PDF(900 KB) HTML

摘要：

为了解敞口池塘（敞池组）和遮阴池塘（遮阴组）养殖的美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体营养成分的差异，采用生化分析方法对2种养殖模式的美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体进行营养成分分析，并对其营养品质进行分析和比较。结果显示：遮阴组美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体水分含量（69.22%）显著低于敞池组（70.68%）（P＜0.05），粗脂肪含量（10.79%）显著高于敞池组（7.48%）（P＜0.05），粗蛋白和粗灰分含量在2组间未有显著差异（P＞0.05）。在检测到的18中氨基酸中，有7种氨基酸（天门冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸）的含量为敞池组显著高于遮阴组（P＜0.05），其余11种氨基酸（苏氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、胱氨酸）的含量在2组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；敞池组的氨基酸总量（total amino acid, TAA）、非必需氨基酸（non-essential amino acid, NEAA）和鲜味氨基酸（delicious amino acid, DAA）占鱼体干质量百分比均显著高于遮阴组（P＜0.05）；2组的必需氨基酸（essential amino acid, EAA）、半必需氨基酸（half-essential amino acid, HEAA）占鱼体干质量百分比及EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA、DAA/TAA未有显著差异（P＞0.05），遮阴组和敞池组的鱼体必需氨基酸指数（essential amino acid indexes, EAAI）分别为76.49和76.46。敞池组鱼体饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid, SFA）总量（35.91%）显著高于遮阴组（27.70%）（P＜0.05），而多不饱和脂肪酸（poly-unsaturated fatty acid, PUFA）总量（13.66%）显著低于遮阴组（21.35%）（P＜0.05）；单不饱和脂肪酸（mono-unsaturated fatty acid, MUFA）和二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)＋二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid, DHA）总量在2组间未有显著差异（P＞0.05）。研究表明，敞口池塘养殖的美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体蛋白质品质略优于遮阴养殖，而遮阴池塘养殖的美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体的脂肪酸品质更优，建议优化配合饲料脂肪酸结构，提高PUFA含量，尤其是EPA和DHA的含量。

关键词： 美洲鲥; 鱼种; 氨基酸; 脂肪酸

Abstract:

In order to understand the effects of different culture patterns on the nutritional components of fish body, young fish Alosa sapidissima cultured in outdoor and shaded ponds were analyzed by biochemical analysis method, and the nutritive quality was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the body water content of shaded pond group (69.22%) was significantly lower than that of the outdoor pond group (70.68%) (P＜0.05), while the body crude fat content of shaded pond group (10.79%) was significantly higher than that of the outdoor pond group (7.48%) (P＜0.05). No significant differences in the contents of crude protein and ash in body were found between the two groups (P＞0.05). A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were found, and there were no significant differences in the contents of 11 kinds of amino acids (threonine, glycine, valine, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, proline, tryptophane, cystine) between the two groups (P＞0.05), while in other seven kinds of amino acids (aspartate, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine), the contents of outdoor pond group were significantly higher than those in shaded pond group (P＜0.05). The percentage contents of total amino acid (TAA), non-essential amino acid (NEAA) and delicious amino acid (DAA) in dry body of outdoor pond group were significantly higher than those of shaded pond group (P＜0.05), while there were no significant differences in the percentage contents of essential amino acid (EAA) and half-essential amino acid (HEAA) in dry body between the two groups (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in the ratios of EAA/TAA, EAA/NEAA and DAA/TAA, and the body essential amino acid indexes (EAAI) of shaded pond group and outdoor pond group were 76.49 and 76.46, respectively. The total content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) of outdoor pond group (35.91%) was significantly higher than that of shaded pond group (27.70%) (P＜0.05), while the total content of poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of outdoor pond group (13.66%) was significantly lower than that of shaded pond group (21.35%) (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the total contents of mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) between the two groups. The results indicated that the body protein quality of young fish A. sapidissima cultured in the outdoor pond was slightly better than that of young fish cultured in the shaded pond, but the body fatty acid quality of young fish A. sapidissima cultured in the shaded pond was much better. So, we suggest the composition of fatty acids in formulated feed should be optimized to increase the content of PUFA, especially the content of EPA and DHA.

Key words: Alosa sapidissima young fish amino acid fatty acid

收稿日期: 2019-02-21 出版日期: 2020-05-22

CLC:

S 964.3

基金资助: 上海市科学技术委员会重点攻关项目(16391900400);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字〔2014〕第7-1-9号);上海长江口主要经济水生动物人工繁育工程技术研究中心项目(13DZ2251800)

通讯作者: 施永海 E-mail: liuys101@163.com;yonghais@163.com

作者简介: 刘永士（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7150-6904），Tel：+86-21-57160897，E-mail：liuys101@163.com

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引用本文:

刘永士,蒋飞,施永海. 2种养殖模式下美洲鲥当年鱼种营养成分比较及品质评价[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(2): 243-253.

Yongshi LIU,Fei JIANG,Yonghai SHI. Evaluation on nutritional components and nutritive quality in body of young fish Alosa sapidissima cultured in two different patterns. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(2): 243-253.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.211 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I2/243

表1 配合饲料中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成与含量

表2 不同养殖模式对美洲鲥当年鱼种一般营养成分的影响（鲜物质基础） (%)

表3 不同养殖模式对美洲鲥当年鱼种氨基酸组成及含量的影响（干物质基础） (%)

表4 不同养殖模式对美洲鲥当年鱼种营养品质的影响

表5 不同养殖模式对美洲鲥当年鱼种脂肪酸组成及含量的影响 (%)

表6 本研究与其他研究的美洲鲥一般营养成分比较（鲜物质基础） (%)

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