复合钝化剂施用水平对镉污染农田土壤的修复效果

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.05.172

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (3): 359-368 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.05.172

资源利用与环境保护

复合钝化剂施用水平对镉污染农田土壤的修复效果

巩龙达¹(

),陈凯¹,李丹²,蔡梅¹,王京文²(

),张奇春¹(

)

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室，杭州 310058
^2.杭州市农业技术推广中心，杭州 310020

Remediation effects of mixed amendment at different application levels on cadmium-contaminated farmland soil

Longda GONG¹(

),Kai CHEN¹,Dan LI²,Mei CAI¹,Jingwen WANG²(

),Qichun ZHANG¹(

)

^1.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China

全文: PDF(1104 KB) HTML

摘要：

为了探究复合钝化剂M（石灰、沸石、钙镁磷肥和生物质炭质量配比为71∶23∶5∶1）不同施用量对镉（Cd）污染农田土壤的修复效果，利用2年的大田试验，以不施用复合钝化剂（CK）作为对照，研究添加0.1%、0.2%、0.5%复合钝化剂（分别记为MR1、MR2、MR3）和0.5%石灰（LM）处理对土壤和农作物的影响。结果表明：复合钝化剂主要通过增加土壤pH来降低土壤中Cd的生物有效性，其3种施用量均能维持或增加作物的产量，且能够显著降低水稻秸秆和籽粒Cd含量。与CK相比，MR1、MR2、MR3和LM处理的水稻秸秆中Cd含量分别下降了11.9%、10.7%、20.5%和19.5%，籽粒中Cd含量分别下降了42.9%、57.1%、71.4%和72.1%，且各处理水稻籽粒Cd含量均低于0.2 mg/kg，都达到了食品安全标准。此外，复合钝化剂在不同程度上降低了水稻籽粒对Cd的生物富集系数和水稻对Cd的转运能力。磷脂脂肪酸分析结果表明，复合钝化剂的不同施用水平均可增加土壤细菌数量，且土壤微生物群落多样性指数较高。与LM处理相比，MR2处理的细菌数量增加了43.6%，MR3处理中革兰氏阳性菌数量明显增加，达56.5 nmol/g。总体来看，与单一施用石灰相比，0.2%的复合钝化剂处理对土壤理化性质影响较小，且增加了土壤微生物群落数量及结构多样性，说明其对农田土壤Cd污染修复的同时维持了土壤生态健康，可用于农田土壤Cd污染修复。

关键词： 复合钝化剂; 水稻; 土壤微生物; 磷脂脂肪酸

Abstract:

In the case of soil cadmium (Cd) pollution becoming more and more serious, the modified in-situ fixation method is widely used as one of the remediation methods of soil heavy metal pollution. To explore the remediation effects of mixed amendment M (the mass ratio of lime, zeolite, calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and biochar was 71:23∶5∶1) on Cd-contaminated farmland soil, a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying 0.1% (MR1), 0.2% (MR2), 0.5% (MR3) of the mixed amendment and 0.5% lime (LM) on the soil and crops, taking no application of the mixed amendment as a control (CK). The results showed that the mixed amendment reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil mainly by increasing soil pH. Three kinds of addition of the mixed amendment (MR1, MR2, MR3) could maintain or increase the yield of crops and significantly reduce the content of Cd in rice straw and grain. Compared with the CK, the Cd content in rice straw treated by MR1, MR2, MR3 and LM decreased by 11.9%, 10.7%, 20.5% and 19.5%, respectively; and the Cd content in rice grains decreased by 42.9%, 57.1%, 71.4% and 72.1%, respectively. The Cd contents in rice grains under the all treatments were lower than 0.2 mg/kg, which met the food safety standard. Moreover, the mixed amendment could reduce the Cd uptake and transport capacity and grain bioaccumulation coefficient of rice. The results of phospholipid fatty acid analysis showed that the different application levels of mix amendment could increase the soil bacteria amount and the soil microbial community diversity. Compared with the LM, the number of bacteria in the MR2 treatment increased by 43.6%, and the number of Gram-positive bacteria in the MR3 treatment increased significantly to 56.5 nmol/g. In general, compared with the single application of lime, 0.2% of mixed amendment has few effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and increases the number and diversity of soil microbial communities, indicating that it can be used for the remediation of farmland soil Cd pollution while maintaining soil ecological health.

Key words: mixed amendment rice soil microorganism phospholipid fatty acid

收稿日期: 2021-05-17 出版日期: 2022-07-07

CLC:

S 156

基金资助: 浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ21C030002);国家自然科学基金项目(41877044)

通讯作者: 王京文,张奇春 E-mail: 21914103@zju.edu.cn;wjingwen@hz.cn;qczhang@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 巩龙达（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-3428），E-mail：21914103@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

巩龙达,陈凯,李丹,蔡梅,王京文,张奇春. 复合钝化剂施用水平对镉污染农田土壤的修复效果[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(3): 359-368.

Longda GONG,Kai CHEN,Dan LI,Mei CAI,Jingwen WANG,Qichun ZHANG. Remediation effects of mixed amendment at different application levels on cadmium-contaminated farmland soil. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(3): 359-368.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.05.172 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I3/359

表1 复合钝化剂不同施用水平下作物产量 (kg/hm2)

表2 复合钝化剂施用水平对土壤理化性质的影响

图1 复合钝化剂不同施用水平下土壤有效态Cd含量（A）和水稻吸Cd量（B）短栅上不同小写字母表示不同处理间土壤有效态Cd含量（A）或水稻同一部位Cd含量（B）在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表3 复合钝化剂不同施用水平下水稻Cd转运系数和籽粒生物富集系数

表4 复合钝化剂不同施用水平下土壤微生物群落变化 (nmol/g)

图2 复合钝化剂不同施用水平下土壤PLFAs的主成分分析（A）、聚类分析（B）、香农-维纳多样性指数分析（C）和冗余分析（D）Bac：细菌；Act：放线菌；Fun：真菌；TB：总微生物量；AP：有效磷；OM：有机质；Av-Cd：有效态镉；H′：香农-维纳多样性指数；S/M：饱和PLFAs/不饱和PLFAs；i/a：异PLFAs/反异PLFAs。短栅上相同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异无统计学意义。

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