农药减施条件下追施硅肥对水稻抗逆性及产量的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.10.161

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (4): 507-516 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.10.161

资源利用与环境保护

农药减施条件下追施硅肥对水稻抗逆性及产量的影响

吴伊鑫(

),黄奇伟,叶木军,梁永超,彭红云(

)

浙江大学环境与资源学院，教育部污染环境修复与生态健康重点实验室，杭州 310058

Effects of topdressing of silicon fertilizer on stress resistance and yield of rice under reduced pesticide application

Yixin WU(

),Qiwei HUANG,Mujun YE,Yongchao LIANG,Hongyun PENG(

)

Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

全文: PDF(910 KB) HTML

摘要：

以‘浙优21’水稻品种为材料进行田间试验，设置正常施药（375 g/hm² 75%三环唑可湿性粉剂，D1）和减药（225 g/hm² 75%三环唑可湿性粉剂，D2）2种施药水平，每种施药水平含追施硅肥（750 kg/hm²，＋Si）组和不追施硅肥（－Si）组，共4个处理组，研究在这2种施药水平下追施硅肥对水稻抗逆性及产量的影响。结果表明：在正常施药水平（D1）下，相较于不追施硅肥，追施硅肥的水稻基部第2节抗折力增大26.71%，倒伏指数降低13.29%，水稻穗颈瘟发病率降低15.37%，病情指数降低19.09%，水稻产量提高3.33%（P＜0.05）；在减药水平（D2）下，相较于不追施硅肥，追施硅肥的水稻基部第2节抗折力增大33.67%，倒伏指数降低14.04%，水稻穗颈瘟发病率降低28.98%，病情指数降低23.11%，水稻产量提高11.44%（P＜0.05）。由此说明，在农药减施条件下，追施硅肥能降低水稻的倒伏指数和水稻穗颈瘟病情指数，增强水稻抗倒伏能力和抗水稻穗颈瘟能力，提高水稻产量。在不施硅肥情况下，减药使水稻减产；而在施硅肥情况下，减药与否对水稻产量无显著影响。

关键词： 硅肥; 农药减施; 倒伏指数; 水稻穗颈瘟; 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out on ‘Zheyou 21’ rice cultivar, and the effects of topdressing of silicon (Si) fertilizer on stress resistance and yield of rice were studied at two levels of pesticide application. The normal level of pesticide application (375 g/hm² 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, D1) and the reduced level of pesticide application (225 g/hm² 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, D2) were set up. Each level of pesticide application contained two Si fertilizer treatments, including non-topdressing of Si fertilizer (－Si) and topdressing of Si powder fertilizer (750 kg/hm², ＋Si). The results showed that compared with －Si, the ＋Si increased the breaking resistance of the second stem by 26.71%, and reduced the lodging index by 13.29%, incidence of rice ear neck blast by 15.37%, disease index by 19.09%, and increased yield by 3.33% (P＜0.05) of rice under the treatment of D1. Compared with －Si, the ＋Si increased the breaking resistance of the second stem by 33.67%, and reduced lodging index by 14.04%, incidence of rice ear neck blast by 28.98%, disease index by 23.11%, and increased yield by 11.44% (P＜0.05) of rice under the treatment of D2. In conclusion, topdressing of Si fertilizer could reduce lodging index and disease index of rice ear neck blast, leading to enhance lodging resistance and disease resistance to rice ear neck blast, and increase rice yield under the reduced level of pesticide application. In the case of no Si topdressing, rice yield was reduced due to the reduction in pesticide application, while in the case of Si topdressing, there is no significant effect on rice yield.

Key words: silicon fertilizer pesticide reduction lodging index rice ear neck blast yield

收稿日期: 2020-10-16 出版日期: 2021-09-02

CLC:

S 143.79

基金资助: 浙江省重点研发计划(2018C02036)

通讯作者: 彭红云 E-mail: Yixwu@zju.edu.cn;penghongyun@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 吴伊鑫（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-0095），E-mail：Yixwu@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

吴伊鑫,黄奇伟,叶木军,梁永超,彭红云. 农药减施条件下追施硅肥对水稻抗逆性及产量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(4): 507-516.

Yixin WU,Qiwei HUANG,Mujun YE,Yongchao LIANG,Hongyun PENG. Effects of topdressing of silicon fertilizer on stress resistance and yield of rice under reduced pesticide application. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(4): 507-516.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.10.161 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I4/507

表1 各处理组的施肥和施药方式

图1 追施硅肥对水稻株高、基部第2节茎基宽和茎壁厚的影响各处理符号表示的含义详见表1注。短栅上的不同小写字母表示在同一施药水平下在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

图2 追施硅肥对水稻基部第2节抗折力和倒伏指数的影响各处理符号表示的含义详见表1注。短栅上的不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表2 各处理下水稻穗颈瘟发病情况

表3 各处理下水稻产量及其构成

表4 各处理下水稻秸秆和籽粒中的元素含量 (g/kg)

表5 水稻病情指数、倒伏指数、茎秆形态、养分含量与水稻产量的相关性分析

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