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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (1): 14-22    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.02.261
园艺学     
不同蓝红光比例发光二极管对火龙果花芽分化和果实品质的影响
陈心源1(),田忍国2,沈林章3,殷益明4,朱利鑫5,贾惠娟1()
1. 浙江大学园艺系，杭州 310058
2. 浙江三晶照明有限公司，浙江 湖州 313000
3. 长兴县经济作物技术推广站，浙江 湖州 313100
4. 湖州市经济作物技术推广站，浙江 湖州 313000
5. 长兴县安信家庭农场，浙江 湖州 313100
Effect of the blue-red light ratio in supplemental light-emitting diode on pitaya flower bud differentiation and fruit quality
Xinyuan CHEN1(),Renguo TIAN2,Linzhang SHEN3,Yiming YIN4,Lixin ZHU5,Huijuan JIA1()
1. Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Zhejiang Sanjing Lighting Company Limited, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang，China
3. Economic Crop Technology Extension Station of Changxing County, Huzhou 313100, Zhejiang，China
4. Economic Crop Technology Extension Station of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang，China
5. Changxing Anxin Family Farm, Huzhou 313100, Zhejiang，China
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摘要：

以红肉火龙果‘紫蜜龙’为试验材料，设蓝光与红光比例分别为1∶8、1∶6、1∶4、1∶3、1∶2的发光二极管（light-emitting diode, LED）为实验处理，白光LED作对照进行补光（CK），光源分置在50 cm和70 cm这2个高度；同时设置不补光对照（CK0）。通过比较不同处理间的花芽分化、物候期、果实品质，筛选出能够促进春季提前现蕾、增加花芽数量及提高果实品质的最佳补光方案。结果表明：补光处理分化的花芽数量比不补光多；蓝光与红光比例1∶4、光源高度50 cm的组合，花芽分化数量最多，产量显著高于其他处理，平均单产达到了2.236 kg/株；蓝光与红光比例1∶2、光源高度50 cm的组合，果实可溶性固形物含量相对最高，品质最佳。
关键词： 火龙果;  蓝红光比;  发光二极管;  花芽分化;  产量;  品质    
Abstract:

Taking a red pitaya cultivar, ‘Zimilong’ as the test material， we set up different blue-red light ratios in light-emitting diode （LED）, 1∶8, 1∶6, 1∶4, 1∶3 and 1∶2 to treat the pitaya and used white LED light as the control (CK). Besides, the light sources were placed at two positions, 50 cm and 70 cm above the plant. We also set up no artificial light group as a blank control (CK0). By comparing the flower bud differentiation, phenology and fruit quality, we attempted to choose the best light supplement that would advance spring budding, increase the amount of buds and also improve the quality in pitaya. The result revealed that flower bud differentiation was improved when given light fill. In addition, when the blue-red light ratio in LED light was 1∶4 at 50 cm above the plant, the number of buds and productivity were best among all treatments， and the average yield even reached 2.236 kg/plant. When the blue-red light ratio in LED light was 1∶2 at 50 cm above the plant, the total soluble solid content and fruit quality were the highest.
Key words: pitaya    blue-red light ratio    light-emitting diode    flower bud differentiation    production    quality
收稿日期: 2018-02-26 出版日期: 2019-03-28
CLC:  S 667.9  
基金资助: 校企合作植物生长灯推广项目(KH2017043)
通讯作者: 贾惠娟     E-mail: camillecxy@163.com;jiahuijuan@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 陈心源（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-0592）|贾惠娟（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-4940）
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引用本文:

陈心源,田忍国,沈林章,殷益明,朱利鑫,贾惠娟. 不同蓝红光比例发光二极管对火龙果花芽分化和果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(1): 14-22.

Xinyuan CHEN,Renguo TIAN,Linzhang SHEN,Yiming YIN,Lixin ZHU,Huijuan JIA. Effect of the blue-red light ratio in supplemental light-emitting diode on pitaya flower bud differentiation and fruit quality. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(1): 14-22.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.02.261    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I1/14

与植株冠层垂直距离

Vertical distance from the plant canopy/cm

光源高度

Light source height/cm

 蓝红光比例Blue-red ratio
1∶8 1∶6 1∶4 1∶3 1∶2 CK
0 50 10.45 11.87 10.68 14.32 13.88 7.44
70 7.51 4.47 6.93 6.52 4.05 4.72
30 50 4.37 3.81 4.22 5.09 4.99 2.44
70 4.17 2.99 3.54 4.46 2.89 2.52
70 50 2.09 2.01 2.32 2.21 1.93 0.73
70 1.66 1.84 1.42 2.05 2.22 1.35
表1  不同蓝红光比LED光源实际光照强度（光通量密度）
图1  不同光源高度和蓝红光比LED光源对火龙果花芽数量的影响
图2  光源高度50 cm时不同蓝红光比补光的火龙果生长发育曲线
图3  光源高度70 cm时不同蓝红光比补光的火龙果生长发育曲线

评价指标

Evaluation index

光源高度

Light source height/cm

蓝红光比例 Blue-red ratio
1∶8 1∶6 1∶4 1∶3 1∶2 CK CK0

单果质量

Fruit mass/g

 50 287.08Aa 251.25Aa 248.47Aa 276.25Aa 222.01Aa 176.31Ba 247.98a
70 262.16Aa 263.37Aa 245.79Aa 257.00Aa 231.13Aa 249.93Aa 247.98a
TSS/°Brix 50 14.36Ab 14.30Ab 14.40Ab 14.38Ab 15.54Aa 14.82Ab 14.32b
70 12.75Ac 14.34Ab 14.48Ab 14.36Ab 15.54Aa 15.24Aa 14.32b
TA/% 50 0.42Aab 0.47Aa 0.48Aa 0.46Aab 0.42Bb 0.43Bb 0.42b
70 0.37Bg 0.50Aa 0.45Bd 0.44Ae 0.46Ac 0.48Ab 0.42f
TSS/TA 50 33.85 30.36 30.01 31.51 36.80 34.40 34.06
70 34.61 28.63 32.06 32.98 33.54 32.03 34.06

硬度

Solidity/N

 50 2.518Aa 2.421Aa 2.524Aa 2.581Aa 2.497Aa 2.543Aa 2.589a
70 2.538Aa 2.449Aa 2.599Aa 2.451Aa 2.543Aa 2.683Aa 2.589a

平均单产/（kg/株）

Average yield/(kg/plant)

 50 1.053Ab 0.754Ab 2.236Aa 0.737Ab 0.962Ab 0.411Bb 0.661b
70 0.874Aa 1.317Aa 1.393Ba 1.114Aa 0.385Bb 1.583Aa 0.661ab
表2  不同蓝红光比和光源高度补光的火龙果品质比较

测定指标

Measuring index

光源高度

Light source height/cm

蓝红光比例 Blue-red ratio
1∶8 1∶6 1∶4 1∶3 1∶2 CK CK0

w(葡萄糖)

Glucose content

 50 77.363Ac 95.655Aa 73.584Bc 84.785Ab 84.361Bb 84.851Ab 78.501c
70 73.859Be 90.168Ba 85.660Abc 84.912Ac 88.214Aab 84.716Ac 78.501d

w(果糖)

Fructose content

 50 78.768Ac 96.144Aa 74.676Bd 85.485Ab 86.232Bb 87.170Ab 80.825c
70 74.223Bd 90.298Ba 86.187Ab 86.405Ab 90.451Aa 86.872Ab 80.825c

w(蔗糖)

Sucrose content

 50 3.504Aa 0.277Ab 3.368Ba — 0.661Ab 0.399Ab 0.460b
70 3.061Bb 0.567Bcd 3.739Aa 0.204d 0.731Ac 0.634Acd 0.460cd

w(苹果酸)

Malic acid content

 50 4.629Aa 4.089Ba 4.545Aa 4.873Aa 4.548Aa 4.753Aa 4.823a
70 4.004Ac 5.408Aa 2.449Ab 4.965Ab 4.839Ab 5.031Aab 4.823b

w(柠檬酸)

Citric acid content

 50 0.620Ab — 0.699Aa 0.430Bc — — —
70 0.386Bc — 0.608Bb 0.660Aa — — —
表3  不同蓝红光比与光源高度补光的火龙果糖酸含量比较

测定指标

Measuring index

部位

Part

光源高度

Light source height/cm

蓝红光比例 Blue-red ratio
1∶8 1∶6 1∶4 1∶3 1∶2 CK CK0

w(甜菜红素）

Betacyanin content

果皮

Peel

 50 0.339Aa 0.337Aa 0.280Bd 0.296Ac 0.317Ab 0.325Aab 0.292c
70 0.290Be 0.309Bc 0.308Ac 0.304Ad 0.315Ab 0.333Aa 0.292e

果肉

Flesh

 50 0.329Aa 0.295Ab 0.293Bb 0.291Ab 0.296Ab 0.287Ab 0.320a
70 0.299Bb 0.283Bc 0.313Aa 0.305Ab 0.298Ab 0.295Ab 0.320a

w(甜菜黄素）

Betaxanthin content

果皮

Peel

 50 0.206Aa 0.212Aa 0.171Bc 0.184Ab 0.193Ab 0.211Aa 0.185b
70 0.174Bc 0.189Bb 0.191Ab 0.188Ab 0.198Ab 0.212Aa 0.185b

果肉

Flesh

 50 0.183Aa 0.171Ab 0.168Bb 0.168Ab 0.165Ab 0.166Ab 0.188a
70 0.170Bb 0.164Bc 0.180Aab 0.174Ab 0.170Ab 0.172Ab 0.188a

w(甜菜素）

Total amount of betalain

果皮

Peel

 50 0.546Aa 0.549Aa 0.451Be 0.480Ad 0.510Ac 0.536Ab 0.477d
70 0.464Bc 0.497Bb 0.499Ab 0.493Ab 0.514Ab 0.545Aa 0.477c

果肉

Flesh

 50 0.512Aa 0.465Ab 0.461Bb 0.459Bb 0.461Ab 0.453Ab 0.508a
70 0.469Bb 0.447Bc 0.494Aa 0.479Ab 0.467Ab 0.467Ab 0.508a
表4  不同蓝红光比与光源高度补光的火龙果甜菜素含量比较
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