关键时期淹水对不同土壤上水稻镉累积和转运的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.081

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (1): 74-88 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.081

资源利用与环境保护

关键时期淹水对不同土壤上水稻镉累积和转运的影响

邹文娴¹(

),周于宁¹,顾思婷¹,黄涂海¹,支裕优¹,孟龙¹,施加春¹(

),陈謇²,徐建明¹

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院土水资源与环境研究所，杭州 310058
^2.温岭市农业农村和水利局，浙江台州 317500

Effect of flooding in critical stage on cadmium accumulation and translocation of rice in different paddy soils

Wenxian ZOU¹(

),Yuning ZHOU¹,Siting GU¹,Tuhai HUANG¹,Yuyou ZHI¹,Long MENG¹,Jiachun SHI¹(

),Jian CHEN²,Jianming XU¹

^1.Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.Bureau of Agriculture & Rural and Water Resource of Wenling, Taizhou 317500, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

采用水稻盆栽试验，设置全生育期湿润（CK）、全生育期淹水（YS）、分蘖-拔节期淹水（FB）、抽穗期淹水（CS）和灌浆-成熟期淹水（GC）5个处理，探索水稻关键生长时期的淹水模式对2种土壤（淡涂黏田和洪积泥砂田）上水稻镉（Cd）累积转运的影响。结果表明：水稻分蘖期2种土壤的可交换态Cd含量呈现CK≈CS≈GC?FB≈YS，而在水稻的其他生长时期呈现CK≈FB≈CS≈GC?YS。在淡涂黏田中，水稻籽粒Cd含量呈现FB＞GC≈CK＞CS＞YS，CS比CK处理下降49.99%；而洪积泥砂田中籽粒Cd含量为CK≈GC＞CS≈FB＞YS，FB和CS处理分别比CK处理下降50.52%和44.85%。在淡涂黏田中，与CK处理相比，CS处理明显降低了茎向籽粒Cd的转运能力而FB处理增加了其转运能力；在洪积泥砂田中，与CK处理相比，FB和CS处理均明显降低了茎向籽粒Cd的转运能力。在这2种土壤中，水稻籽粒Cd与根表Cd含量均呈正相关关系；FB和CS处理均能降低根表Cd含量；且FB处理根表铁膜［主要成分是连二亚硫酸钠-柠檬酸盐-碳酸氢盐-铁（dithion-citrate-bicarbonate-Fe, DCB-Fe），其次是根表氧化锰DCB-Mn］含量均明显高于其他处理。其中，洪积泥砂田水稻根表DCB-Fe、DCB-Mn与籽粒Cd含量分别呈显著（P＜0.05）和极显著（P＜0.01）负相关，但在淡涂黏田上不存在任何相关性。综上所述，水稻关键时期淹水处理通过影响根表Cd含量和Cd从茎向籽粒的转运能力来影响水稻籽粒Cd的累积。抽穗期是淡涂黏田水稻降Cd的关键淹水时期，而在洪积泥砂田中是分蘖-拔节期和抽穗期。不同土壤中水稻铁膜对籽粒Cd积累的影响不同，导致2种土壤的关键淹水时期有所差异。

关键词： 土壤有效镉; 关键时期淹水; 水稻; 转运系数; 根表铁膜; 镉积累

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted in two paddy soils [paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil (PC) and diluvial gritty loaming paddy soil (DP)] to explore the effects of critical stage moisture managements on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and translocation in rice with five water managements. The water managements were moisture throughout growth (CK), continuous flooding (YS), flooding at tillering-jointing stage (FB), flooding at heading stage (CS) and flooding at filling-maturing stage (GC). The results showed that, in tillering stage, the contents of soil exchangeable Cd were CK≈CS≈GC?FB≈YS, and in other rice growth stages, which were CK≈FB≈CS≈GC?YS. In PC, Cd contents in grain were FB＞GC≈CK＞CS＞YS, and Cd content in grain of CS treatment decreased by 49.99% as compared with the CK. In DP, Cd contents in grain were CK≈GC＞CS≈FB＞YS, and Cd contents in grain of FB and CS treatments decreased by 50.52% and 44.85%, respectively, when compared with the CK. In PC, when compared with the CK treatment, CS treatment decreased the Cd translocation factor from stem to grain (TF₂), but FB treatment increased it. In DP, both FB and CS treatments reduced TF₂, when compared with the CK. There was a positive correlation between Cd content in grain and Cd content on root surface, and FB and CS treatments decreased the Cd contents on root surface in both paddy soils. FB treatment significantly increased the dithion-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)-Fe content compared with other treatments in both paddy soils. The Cd content in grain had significant (P＜0.05) and highly significant (P＜0.01) negative correlation relationships with DCB-Fe and DCB-Mn in DP, but the relationship was not observed in PC. In summary, flooding measures in different stages influence the Cd content in grain by affecting the Cd translocation from stem to grain and affecting Cd content on root surface. Heading stage is the critical flooding stage in PC. In DP, tillering-jointing and heading stages are the critical flooding stages. The iron plaque has different effects on grain Cd accumulation and translocation in different paddy soils, which resulting in different critical flooding stages in two paddy soils.

Key words: soil available cadmium critical stage flooding rice translocation factor iron plaque on the root surface cadmium accumulation

收稿日期: 2020-04-08 出版日期: 2021-03-09

CLC:

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200106-4);浙江省农业“两区”土壤污染治理试点项目;浙北平原典型镉污染耕地生态修复与安全利用示范项目

通讯作者: 施加春 E-mail: 21714107@zju.edu.cn;jcshi@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 邹文娴（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-1674），E-mail：21714107@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

邹文娴,周于宁,顾思婷,黄涂海,支裕优,孟龙,施加春,陈謇,徐建明. 关键时期淹水对不同土壤上水稻镉累积和转运的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(1): 74-88.

Wenxian ZOU,Yuning ZHOU,Siting GU,Tuhai HUANG,Yuyou ZHI,Long MENG,Jiachun SHI,Jian CHEN,Jianming XU. Effect of flooding in critical stage on cadmium accumulation and translocation of rice in different paddy soils. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(1): 74-88.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.081 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I1/74

表1 供试土壤理化性质和重金属含量

表2 不同水分管理方式的条件控制

图1 不同水分管理措施下土壤氧化还原电位（Eh）的动态变化A.淡涂黏田；B.洪积泥砂田。各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。绿色区域表示苗期淹水时间（第0—25天），黄色区域表示分蘖和拔节期淹水时间（第26—80天），蓝色区域表示抽穗期淹水时间（第81—95天），白色区域表示灌浆和成熟期淹水时间（第96—150天）。

图2 不同水分管理措施下土壤pH的动态变化A.淡涂黏田；B.洪积泥砂田。各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。绿色区域表示苗期淹水时间（第0—25天），黄色区域表示分蘖和拔节期淹水时间（第26—80天），蓝色区域表示抽穗期淹水时间（第81—95天），白色区域表示灌浆和成熟期淹水时间（第96—150天）。

图3 不同水分管理措施下土壤Cd形态组成的动态变化A.淡涂黏田；B.洪积泥砂田。各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。F1：可交换态Cd；F2：包括碳酸盐态在内的特异性吸附态Cd；F3：非晶态铁锰结合态Cd；F4：有机物和硫化物结合态Cd；F5：残留态Cd。

图4 不同水分管理措施下土壤DGT-Fe、DGT-Mn、DGT-P和DGT-S含量的动态变化A1～A4.淡涂黏田；B1～B4.洪积泥砂田。各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。短栅上的不同小写字母表示在同一时期不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。

表3 在不同时期土壤、水稻根表及籽粒元素之间的相关性

图5 不同水分管理措施下水稻根表铁膜含量的动态变化A.淡涂黏田；B.洪积泥砂田。各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。短栅上的不同小写字母表示在同一时期不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。

图6 不同水分管理措施下水稻根表Cd含量的动态变化A.淡涂黏田；B.洪积泥砂田。各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。短栅上的不同小写字母表示在同一时期不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。

图7 不同水分管理措施下水稻籽粒、根系、茎和叶片Cd含量各处理符号表示的含义详见表2。短栅上的不同小写字母表示在同一时期不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。

表4 不同水分管理措施下水稻Cd转运系数

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