水稻侧深施肥技术的氮肥减施效应

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.091

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 217-224 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.091

资源利用与环境保护

水稻侧深施肥技术的氮肥减施效应

怀燕¹(

),陈照明²,张耿苗³,姜铭北⁴,许剑锋¹,王强²(

)

^1.浙江省农业技术推广中心粮油科，杭州 310020
^2.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，杭州 310021
^3.诸暨市农业技术推广中心，浙江诸暨 311800
^4.淳安县农业农村局植保土肥站，杭州 311700

Nitrogen reduction effect of side-deep placement of fertilizer on the rice production

Yan HUAI¹(

),Zhaoming CHEN²,Gengmiao ZHANG³,Mingbei JIANG⁴,Jianfeng XU¹,Qiang WANG²(

)

^1.Cereals and Oils Section, Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
^2.Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
^3.Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
^4.Station of Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer, Chun’an Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou 311700, China

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摘要：

通过田间试验研究侧深施肥技术对水稻产量、氮肥表观利用率及氨挥发的影响。试验设置5个处理：不施氮肥（N₀）、常规施肥（CF）、复合肥侧深施（90%CFD）、缓释肥撒施（80%CRF）和缓释肥侧深施（80%CRFD）。结果表明：与CF相比，90%CFD、80%CRF与80%CRFD处理水稻氮素投入虽然分别减少10%和20%，但早稻和单季晚稻产量差异都不显著；80%CRFD处理相较于80%CRF处理显著提高了单季晚稻产量。3个处理（90%CFD、80%CRF和80%CRFD）的早稻和单季晚稻生长期间稻田氨挥发总量分别在12.45～18.50 kg/hm²和18.75～26.23 kg/hm²之间，都显著低于CF处理；氨挥发率分别为9.3%～12.6%和10.4%～12.9%，比CF处理分别降低了2.0～5.3和2.4～4.9百分点。80%CRFD处理在早稻和单季晚稻上的氨挥发损失都显著低于80%CRF处理。早稻试验中3个处理（90%CFD、80%CRF和80%CRFD）的氮素表观利用率为35.6%～46.9%，比CF处理增加了4.0～15.3百分点；90%CFD和80%CRFD处理的单季晚稻氮肥表观利用率也显著高于CF处理，但80%CRF处理的氮肥表观利用率与CF处理间差异不显著。综合分析，早稻生产中复合肥减量10%侧深施、缓释肥减量20%侧深施或撒施，都能实现氮肥减施稳产的目标，单季晚稻生产中则适宜采用复合肥减量10%侧深施或缓释肥减量20%侧深施的施肥方式。

关键词： 水稻; 缓释肥; 侧深施肥; 氮肥减施

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of side-deep placement of fertilizer on the rice (early rice and single cropping late rice) yield, apparent nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) and ammonia volatilization (AV). Five treatments were conducted: 1) no nitrogen fertilizer (N₀); 2) conventional fertilizer (CF); 3) side-deep placement of compound fertilizers (90%CFD); 4) broadcast application of slow-release fertilizer (80%CRF); 5) side-deep placement of slow-release fertilizer (80%CRFD). Results showed that the 90%CFD, 80%CRF and 80%CRFD reduced application rate of N fertilizer by 10% and 20%, but could maintain the grain yields of early rice and single cropping late rice as compared with the CF. The grain yield of single cropping late rice was significantly higher in the 80%CRFD than in the 80%CRF. The AV amounts ranged from 12.45 to 18.50 kg/hm² and 18.75 to 26.23 kg/hm² in the three treatments (90%CFD, 80%CRF and 80%CRFD) during the growth period of early rice and single cropping late rice, respectively, and all of those were significantly lower as compared with the CF treatment. The AV rates in the 90%CFD, 80%CRF and 80%CRFD treatments were 9.3%-12.6% and 10.4%-12.9% during the growth period of early rice and single cropping late rice, respectively. Compared with the CF, the three treatments (90%CFD, 80%CRF and 80%CRFD) decreased the AV rates by 2.0-5.3 and 2.4-4.9 percentage points in the early rice and single cropping late rice, respectively. The AV rate was lower in the 80%CRFD than in the 80%CRF in both of the early rice and single cropping late rice. The ANUEs in the three treatments (90%CFD, 80%CRF and 80%CRFD) were 35.6%-46.9% in the early rice, and they were 4.0-15.3 percentage points higher than in the CF. In the single cropping late rice, the ANUE increased in the side-deep placement treatments of fertilizer (90%CFD and 80%CRFD) as compared with the CF, but there was no significant differences between the 80%CRF and CF treatments. It is concluded that the 90%CFD, 80%CRF and 80%CRFD are the recommended fertilizer management in the early rice, and the 90%CFD and 80%CRFD are the recommended fertilization patterns in the single cropping late rice.

Key words: rice slow-release fertilizer side-deep placement of fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer reduction

收稿日期: 2019-05-09 出版日期: 2020-05-22

CLC:

S 143

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200800);浙江省科技厅重大项目(2015C02013)

通讯作者: 王强 E-mail: 592778787@qq.com;qwang0571@126.com

作者简介: 怀燕（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-5772），Tel：+86-571-86757919，E-mail：592778787@qq.com

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引用本文:

怀燕,陈照明,张耿苗,姜铭北,许剑锋,王强. 水稻侧深施肥技术的氮肥减施效应[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(2): 217-224.

Yan HUAI,Zhaoming CHEN,Gengmiao ZHANG,Mingbei JIANG,Jianfeng XU,Qiang WANG. Nitrogen reduction effect of side-deep placement of fertilizer on the rice production. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(2): 217-224.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.091 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I2/217

表1 试验土壤基本理化性状

表2 不同季节水稻氮肥运筹方式和施用量 (kg/hm2)

表3 侧深施肥对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响

图1 侧深施肥对水稻关键生育期叶绿素含量的影响A.早稻；B.单季晚稻。短栅上不同小写字母表示各处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表4 侧深施肥对稻田氨挥发的影响

表5 侧深施肥对水稻氮素吸收和利用率的影响

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