硝化抑制剂与生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.091

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (2): 223-232 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.091

资源利用与环境保护

硝化抑制剂与生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响

刘钰莹¹(

),张妍¹,汪哲远¹,李廷强^1,²(

)

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室，杭州 310058
^2.国家级环境与资源实验教学示范中心（浙江大学），杭州 310058

Effects of combined application of nitrification inhibitors and biochars on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy soil

Yuying LIU¹(

),Yan ZHANG¹,Zheyuan WANG¹,Tingqiang LI^1,²(

)

^1.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou 310058, China

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摘要：

以酸性和中性水稻土为供试土壤，通过盆栽试验研究3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP）与玉米秸秆生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响。试验设置4个处理：对照（CK）、DMPP、DMPP+300 ℃生物炭（DMPP+300BC）、DMPP+500 ℃生物炭（DMPP+500BC）。结果表明：与单施DMPP处理相比，DMPP配施500 ℃生物炭使中性水稻土中水稻籽粒产量和氮肥利用率分别提高8.5%和10.6%（P＜0.05），但对酸性水稻土作用效果不显著。DMPP配施生物炭能够有效延长硝化抑制时长，在水稻培养42 d后，土壤铵态氮（ $N H 4 ＋$ -N）含量高于单施DMPP处理；DMPP配施生物炭能够有效抑制 $N H 4 ＋$ -N向硝态氮（ $N O 3 －$ -N）转化，且对中性水稻土的效果优于酸性水稻土，500 ℃生物炭的效果优于300 ℃生物炭。水稻培养21 d后，与单施DMPP处理相比，DMPP配施300 ℃和500 ℃生物炭使酸性水稻土反硝化活性分别降低了45.4%和80.9%（P＜0.05），并显著高于中性水稻土。水稻培养21 d内，与单施DMPP相比，DMPP配施生物炭对2种水稻土氨氧化古菌（ammonia oxidizing archaea, AOA）丰度没有显著影响，但提高了酸性水稻土中氨氧化细菌（ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB）的丰度，而中性水稻土中AOB的丰度显著降低（P＜0.05）。本研究结果表明，DMPP配施500 ℃生物炭能够通过延长硝化抑制时长和降低中性水稻土中AOB的丰度来抑制硝化作用，提高水稻籽粒产量和氮肥利用率。

关键词： 水稻土; 3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐; 氮素转化; 氨氧化微生物; 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

The effects of combined application of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and corn-stalk biochar on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen use efficiency in acid and neutral paddy soils were investigated by pot experiments. Four treatments were set up as follows: control (CK), DMPP, DMPP+300 ℃ biochar (DMPP+300BC), DMPP+500 ℃ biochar (DMPP+500BC). The results showed that compared with the DMPP treatment, DMPP combined with 500 ℃ biochar significantly increased rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the neutral paddy soil by 8.5% and 10.6% (P＜0.05), respectively, but had no significant effect in the acid paddy soil. DMPP combined with biochar could effectively prolong the duration of nitrification inhibition. After 42 d of rice culture, the ammonium nitrogen ( $N H 4 ＋$ -N) content in the two paddy soils was higher than that of the DMPP treatment. DMPP combined with biochar could effectively inhibit the transformation of $N H 4 ＋$ -N to nitrate nitrogen ( $N O 3 －$ -N), and the effect in the neutral paddy soil was better than that in the acid paddy soil, and the effect of 500 ℃ biochar was better than that of 300 ℃ biochar. After 21 d of rice culture, DMPP combined with 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ biochars reduced the denitrification activities of acid paddy soil by 45.4% and 80.9%, respectively, which were better than those of neutral paddy soil. Within 21 d of rice culture, DMPP combined with biochar had no significant effect on the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the two paddy soils, but increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the acid paddy soil, while decreased the abundance of AOB in the neutral paddy soil, as compared with the DMPP treatment. In conclusion, DMPP combined with 500 ℃ biochar can inhibit nitrification by prolonging the duration of nitrification inhibition and reducing the abundance of AOB in the neutral paddy soil, thus improve rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: paddy soil 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate nitrogen transformation ammonia oxidizing micro-organisms nitrogen use efficiency

收稿日期: 2021-02-09 出版日期: 2021-04-25

CLC:

S 143.16

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200102)

通讯作者: 李廷强 E-mail: 1264383043@qq.com;litq@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘钰莹（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-6395），E-mail：1264383043@qq.com

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引用本文:

刘钰莹,张妍,汪哲远,李廷强. 硝化抑制剂与生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(2): 223-232.

Yuying LIU,Yan ZHANG,Zheyuan WANG,Tingqiang LI. Effects of combined application of nitrification inhibitors and biochars on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy soil. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(2): 223-232.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.091 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I2/223

表1 土壤基本理化性质

表2 不同生物炭的基本理化性质

表3 用于PCR扩增的引物序列

表4 DMPP配施生物炭对水稻生物量和氮肥利用率的影响

图1 DMPP配施生物炭对水稻土NH4＋-N和NO3－-N含量的影响

表5 DMPP配施生物炭对水稻土硝化抑制率的影响 (%)

图2 DMPP配施生物炭对水稻土反硝化活性的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示在同一培养时间不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

图3 DMPP配施生物炭对水稻土氨氧化微生物丰度的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示在同一培养时间不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

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