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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (2): 242-253    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.183
优化设计     
钒电池电堆端板的变形预测与拓扑优化
王友1(),赵永恒1,史小虎2,余龙海2,孙彦招3
1.湖北文理学院 机械工程学院,湖北 襄阳 441053
2.大力储能技术湖北有限责任公司,湖北 襄阳 441000
3.湖北文理学院 汽车与交通工程学院,湖北 襄阳 441053
Deformation prediction and topology optimization of end plates in vanadium flow battery stacks
You WANG1(),Yongheng ZHAO1,Xiaohu SHI2,Longhai YU2,Yanzhao SUN3
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
2.Dali Energy Storage Technology Hubei Co. , Ltd. , Xiangyang 441000, China
3.School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
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摘要:

为提升大功率钒电池电堆的能量密度,以及解决其端板结构质量大、缺乏高效精确设计方法的问题,提出了一种集变形预测、轻量化设计及制造工艺约束于一体的钒电池电堆端板设计方法。首先,提出了端板压力载荷理论计算方法,构建了弹簧及螺柱的数值分析模型,建立了耦合压力加载、弹簧预紧、螺柱锁止和压力卸载等装配过程的端板受力变形数值模拟预测方法,并通过试验证实了该方法具有较高的预测精度。随后,通过引入制造工艺及装配位移约束,建立了基于变密度法的端板拓扑优化方法,实现了端板轻量化设计的高效迭代计算。优化后端板的质量减小了44.00%,应力满足强度要求,且位移分布更均匀。最后,揭示了螺柱预紧力的空间分布规律以及端板构型对螺柱预紧力与弹簧压缩变形的影响规律。结果显示:距离端板对称中心越近,螺柱预紧力越大,最大变化率为36.06%;端板构型对弹簧压缩变形的影响较小。所提出的方法可在满足强度与刚度要求的前提下,实现钒电池电堆端板的高效轻量化设计,具备重要的工程应用价值。

关键词: 钒电池端板变形行为数值模拟拓扑优化    
Abstract:

To enhance the energy density of high-power vanadium flow battery stacks and address the issues of excessive structural mass coupled with the absence of efficient and precise design methods for end plates, a design method for the end plate of vanadium battery flow stacks is proposed, which integrates deformation prediction, lightweight design and manufacturing process constraints. Firstly, a theoretical method for calculating end plate pressure loads was proposed, and the numerical analysis models for springs and studs were constructed. Then, a numerical simulation method for predicting mechanical deformation of the end plate was established by integrating the complete assembly processes, including pressure loading, spring pre-tightening, stud locking and pressure unloading. Experimental results validated that this method had high prediction accuracy. Subsequently, by introducing manufacturing process and assembly displacement constraints, a topology optimization method enabling efficient iterative computation for lightweight end plate design was developed based on the variable density method. The optimized end plate yielded a 44.00% decrease in mass, maintained stress within the strength requirements, and exhibited a more uniform displacement distribution. Finally, the spatial distribution law of stud preload and the influence law of end plate configuration on stud preload and spring compression deformation were revealed. The results showed that the closer the distance to the end plate symmetry center, the greater the stud preload, with the maximum variation rate being 36.06%; the end plate configuration had a smaller influence on the spring compression deformation. The proposed method can achieve efficient lightweight design of vanadium flow battery stack end plates while meeting strength and stiffness requirements, which has significant engineering application value.

Key words: vanadium flow battery    end plate    deformation behavior    numerical simulation    topology optimization
收稿日期: 2025-09-02 出版日期: 2026-04-28
CLC:  TH 12  
基金资助: 湖北省自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(2023AFD036);湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(B2023149)
作者简介: 王 友(1987—),男,副教授,博士,从事数字化设计与数值模拟研究,E-mail: wyslllo@sina.com,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-1151
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引用本文:

王友,赵永恒,史小虎,余龙海,孙彦招. 钒电池电堆端板的变形预测与拓扑优化[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(2): 242-253.

You WANG,Yongheng ZHAO,Xiaohu SHI,Longhai YU,Yanzhao SUN. Deformation prediction and topology optimization of end plates in vanadium flow battery stacks[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(2): 242-253.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.183        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I2/242

图1  初始构型端板的1/4几何模型
参数数值参数数值
ρ/(kg/m3)2 700n0.79
E/GPa71.0m1.34
v0.33θm/K877.6
D/MPa284.1θt/K293.0
B247.83
表1  6061-T6铝合金材料参数
图2  弹簧刚度数值分析模型
图3  弹簧刚度曲线
图4  初始构型端板受力变形数值模拟模型
图5  初始构型端板的应力分布云图
图6  初始构型端板的位移分布云图
参数全局网格尺寸/mm最大变化率/%
5101520
计算时间/s2 72123797525 132.69
最大Mises应力/MPa214.4207.6213.9223.37.56
最大位移/mm2.5882.5692.5772.5810.74
观测点位移/mm1.1161.0951.1011.1021.92
表2  初始构型端板的数值模拟结果
图7  预优化构型端板的1/4几何模型
迭代数/次体积比质量/kg减重比/%
00.500 033.8739.64
10.674 445.6818.59
20.642 743.5322.41
30.625 542.3724.49
40.587 039.7629.13
50.563 038.1432.03
60.537 036.3735.18
70.524 435.5236.69
80.526 235.6436.47
90.485 432.8841.40
表3  预优化构型端板的拓扑优化结果
迭代数/次体积比质量/kg减重比/%
100.519 435.1837.30
110.478 932.4442.19
120.500 733.9139.56
130.488 233.0741.06
140.490 233.2040.82
150.490 033.1940.85
160.487 733.0341.13
170.485 432.8841.40
180.486 032.9241.33
190.484 632.8241.50
200.485 232.8641.43
210.483 732.7741.60
220.482 132.6541.80
230.484 032.7841.57
240.481 132.5841.93
250.480 432.5442.00
260.479 532.4842.12
270.478 232.3942.27
280.477 032.3142.41
290.475 532.2142.60
300.474 532.1442.71
310.471 731.9543.06
320.472 732.0242.94
330.470 331.8643.23
340.469 231.7843.36
350.465 231.5143.84
360.470 031.8443.26
370.466 631.6043.68
380.464 731.4843.90
390.466 131.5743.73
400.467 031.6343.63
410.465 231.5143.83
420.462 831.3544.13
430.464 331.4543.95
440.463 931.4244.00
  
图8  优化构型端板的应力分布云图
图9  优化构型端板的位移分布云图
图10  优化构型端板的整体结构
图11  不同构型端板的螺柱预紧力变化曲线
端板构型预紧力/N变化率/%
螺柱1螺柱2螺柱3螺柱4螺柱1螺柱2螺柱3螺柱4
初始构型44 97940 34946 93653 82811.48016.3333.41
优化构型44 09440 10647 32754 5709.94018.0136.06
表4  压力卸载后的螺柱预紧力及其变化率
图12  不同构型端板的弹簧压缩量变化曲线
图13  压力卸载阶段的弹簧压缩量变化曲线
端板构型压缩量/mm变化率/%
弹簧1弹簧2弹簧3弹簧4弹簧1弹簧2弹簧3弹簧4
初始构型10.4710.4110.4910.570.5800.771.54
优化构型10.4610.4110.5010.580.4800.861.63
表5  压力卸载后的弹簧压缩量及其变化率
  
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