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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (1): 95-105    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.226
优化设计     
基于宏观参数优化与微观修形的高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置齿轮箱多目标优化
梁栋,王旭,王超,贾涵杰,徐向阳
重庆交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074
Multi-objective optimization of air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism gearbox for high-altitude wind power system based on macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification
Dong LIANG,Xu WANG,Chao WANG,Hanjie JIA,Xiangyang XU
School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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摘要:

高空风能大规模开发利用的潜力巨大。齿轮箱作为陆基伞梯式高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置的关键组件,传动稳定性和传动效率是其关键性能指标。提出了一种宏观参数优化与微观修形相结合的优化方法。在宏观参数优化上,基于NSGA-Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II,非支配排序遗传算法-II),以传动可靠性及传动效率为优化目标,对齿轮箱的设计参数进行多目标优化,并基于优化后的参数通过Romax软件进行齿轮箱传动可靠性及效率分析,结果显示,参数优化后齿轮箱传动可靠性及效率都得到了提升;进一步地,针对齿轮箱存在的齿面载荷分布不均、偏载等情况,提出了结合齿廓修形和螺旋线修形的综合修形方法,在微观层面对齿轮箱进行优化。宏观参数优化与微观修形综合优化后,齿轮箱运行10 a后可靠度从96.353%提升至99.473%,传动效率从97.62%提升至99.10%。研究结果为陆基伞梯式高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置的高效运行提供了理论支撑和技术参考,为其后续工程化应用与运行奠定了良好基础。

关键词: 高空风力发电宏观参数优化微观修形可靠性传动效率    
Abstract:

High-altitude wind power exhibits significant potential for large-scale exploitation. The gearbox, as a critical component of the land-based umbrella ladder type high-altitude wind power air-to-ground energy conversion device, has transmission stability and transmission efficiency as its critical performance indicators. An optimization method combining macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification was proposed. In terms of macro-parameter optimization, based on NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II), with transmission reliability and efficiency as the optimization goals, the design parameters of the gearbox were optimized for multiple objectives. Based on the optimized parameters, the transmission reliability and efficiency of the gearbox were analyzed using the Romax software. The results showed that both the transmission reliability and efficiency of the gearbox were improved after optimization. Furthermore, in response to uneven load distribution and edge loading on gear tooth flanks, a comprehensive modification strategy combining tooth profile modification and helix modification was proposed to optimize the gearbox at the microscopic level. After the comprehensive optimization of macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification, the reliability of the gearbox increased from 96.353% to 99.473% and the transmission efficiency increased from 97.62% to 99.10% after 10 years of operation. This study provides theoretical support and technical reference for high-efficiency operation of the land-based umbrella ladder type high-altitude wind power air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism, and lays a solid foundation for the subsequent engineering application and operation.

Key words: high-altitude wind power    macro-parameter optimization    micro-geometric modification    reliability    transmission efficiency
收稿日期: 2025-10-27 出版日期: 2026-03-01
CLC:  TH 132  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52575053);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB4203402);重庆市教委科学技术研究重大项目(KJZD-M202400705);重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金重点项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0127);重庆市技术创新与应用发展重大专项(CSTB2023TIAD-STX0038)
作者简介: 梁 栋(1987—),男,教授,博士,从事机械系统及传动、齿轮几何学设计等研究,E-mail: cqjtuliangdong_me @163.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5370-718X
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引用本文:

梁栋,王旭,王超,贾涵杰,徐向阳. 基于宏观参数优化与微观修形的高空风力发电空-地能量转换装置齿轮箱多目标优化[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(1): 95-105.

Dong LIANG,Xu WANG,Chao WANG,Hanjie JIA,Xiangyang XU. Multi-objective optimization of air-to-ground energy conversion mechanism gearbox for high-altitude wind power system based on macro-parameter optimization and micro-geometric modification[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(1): 95-105.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.226        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I1/95

图1  陆基伞梯式高空风力发电系统组成
图2  风电齿轮箱模型
图3  风电齿轮箱装配体损伤率
图4  运行10 a后风电齿轮箱失效率
图5  风电齿轮箱传动效率云图
参数数值
太阳轮行星轮内齿圈
模数mn/mm10.710.710.7
齿数Z3144119
压力角α/(°)22.522.522.5
螺旋角β/(°)666
齿宽b/mm240245240
中心距a/mm406406406
变位系数x/mm0.120.081-0.282
表1  二级行星轮系优化设计参数
图6  宏观参数优化后风电齿轮箱装配体损伤率
图7  宏观参数优化后风电齿轮箱失效率
图8  宏观参数优化后风电齿轮箱传动效率云图
图9  一级行星轮系修形前齿轮单位长度载荷分布云图
图10  二级行星轮系修形前齿轮单位长度载荷分布云图
图11  齿廓抛物线修形示意图
图12  齿廓渐开线斜度修形示意图
齿轮部件渐开线鼓形量渐开线斜度修形量

一级太阳轮

一级内齿圈

0~200-80~80
0~180-60~60

二级太阳轮

二级内齿圈

0~180-60~60
0~120-60~60
表2  齿廓修形参数范围 (μm)
齿轮部件

螺旋线鼓

形量

螺旋线斜度修形量

齿顶修

缘量

一级太阳轮0~220-60~600~70
一级内齿圈0~160-90~900~50
二级太阳轮0~80-40~400~40
二级内齿圈0~100-80~800~20
表3  螺旋线修形参数范围 (μm)
齿轮部件渐开线鼓形量渐开线斜度修形量螺旋线鼓形量螺旋线斜度修形量齿顶修缘量
一级太阳轮194342103668
一级内齿圈170-541548638
二级太阳轮120-3738-1633
二级内齿圈111-4149657
表4  综合修形量 (μm)
图13  一级行星轮系修形后齿轮单位长度载荷分布云图
图14  二级行星轮系修形后齿轮单位长度载荷分布云图
图15  微观修形后风电齿轮箱装配体损伤率
图16  微观修形后风电齿轮箱失效率
图17  综合优化后风电齿轮箱传动效率云图
图18  综合优化后风电齿轮箱功率损失
图19  综合优化后风电齿轮箱动态疲劳可靠度
运行时间/a可靠度/%
未优化宏观优化后综合优化后
598.13299.88699.901
1096.35398.26099.473
1593.62695.32796.332
2067.92577.97383.237
2534.16342.12848.664
表5  优化前后风电齿轮箱可靠度对比
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