Structure and property of 2219 aluminum alloy fabricated by droplet+arc additive manufacturing

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.08.006

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2024, Vol. 58

Issue (8): 1585-1595 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.08.006

Structure and property of 2219 aluminum alloy fabricated by droplet+arc additive manufacturing

Yongchao WANG(

),Zhengying WEI*(

),Pengfei HE

State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China

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Abstract

A new arc additive manufacturing process—droplet+arc additive manufacturing (DAAM) technology was applied to manufacture aluminum alloy samples in order to improve the quality and the efficiency of aluminum alloy. A new droplet generation system (DGS) was applied instead of the conventional wire feeding system, which makes the material addition and arc energy independent of each other. The formed material is 2219 aluminum alloy, and a trace amount of Mg element was added through the DGS. A thin-walled structure was deposited using the DAAM system at a significantly higher deposition rate (160 $ {\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{s} $) than conventional wire and arc additive manufacturing techniques. The microstructure of the cross section of the thin-walled structure was observed and analyzed. Results showed that the grain morphology of the thin-walled structure was dominated by columnar crystals and exhibited a periodic distribution of inner-layer columnar crystals and inter-layer equiaxed crystals. The average tensile strengths in the horizontal and vertical directions were 455.4 MPa and 417.0 MPa after T6 heat treatment, while the yield strengths were 342.2 MPa and 316.4 MPa, respectively. The comparison results with the previous studies show that the addition of Mg element increases the yield strength of 2219 aluminum alloy, but leads to a corresponding decrease in elongation.

Key words： 2219 aluminum alloy arc additive manufacturing droplet microstructure mechanical property

Received: 24 October 2023 Published: 23 July 2024

CLC:

TG 444

Fund: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275376).

Corresponding Authors: Zhengying WEI E-mail: wyc0228@stu.xjtu.edu.cn;zywei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Yongchao WANG,Zhengying WEI,Pengfei HE. Structure and property of 2219 aluminum alloy fabricated by droplet+arc additive manufacturing. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(8): 1585-1595.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.08.006 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2024/V58/I8/1585

熔滴复合电弧增材制造2219铝合金组织与性能

为了提高铝合金电弧增材制造的质量和效率，采用新型的电弧增材制造工艺——熔滴复合电弧增材制造（DAAM）技术来制造铝合金样品. 采用全新的熔滴生成系统（DGS）代替传统的送丝系统，使得材料的添加与电弧能量相互独立. 成形的材料为2219铝合金，通过熔滴系统添加了微量Mg元素. 利用熔滴复合电弧增材制造设备沉积了薄壁结构，沉积速率较传统电弧增材制造技术大幅提升（约为160 mm³/s）. 观察和分析薄壁结构截面的微观组织表明，薄壁结构的晶粒形态以柱状晶为主，呈现层内柱状晶和层间等轴晶的周期性分布规律. 经过T6热处理后，试样水平和垂直方向的平均抗拉强度分别为455.4和417.0 MPa，屈服强度分别为342.4和316.4 MPa. 较之前的研究结果对比表明，Mg元素的添加提升了2219铝合金的屈服强度，但导致延伸率降低.

关键词： 2219铝合金, 电弧增材制造, 熔滴, 微观组织, 力学性能

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of droplet+arc additive manufacturing equipment

Fig.2 Composition diagram of droplet+arc additive manufacturing equipment

Tab.1 Chemical element composition of 2219 aluminum alloy %

Fig.3 GTA current waveform

Tab.2 Main process parameter of thin-walled structure fabricated by droplet+arc additive manufacturing

Fig.4 Characteristic curve of peak current

Fig.5 T6 heat treatment process curve

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of sampling location and geometry of tensile specimen for thin-walled structure

Fig.7 Macromorphology of thin-walled structure

Fig.8 Optical micrographs in transversal section

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of grain morphology evolution and experimental result

Fig.10 EBSD of thin-walled structure in transversal section

Fig.11 EBSD of thin-walled structure in longitudinal section

Tab.3 Average grain size and texture intensity of transversal and longitudinal sections under different conditions

Fig.12 SEM image of inter-layer region and inner-layer region of as-deposited sample

Fig.13 SEM image of as-deposited and T6 heat treatment sample in transversal section

Fig.14 EDS map of samples in as-deposited state and after T6 heat-treatment

Fig.15 SEM image of longitudinal section of sample in as-deposited state

Fig.16 XRD map of sample in as-deposited state

Fig.17 Microhardness of thin-walled structure

Fig.18 Tensile property of droplet+arc additive manufacturing sample in horizontal and vertical direction

Tab.4 Mechanical property of 2219 aluminum alloy fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing

Fig.19 Fracture morphology of tensile specimen after T6 heat treatment


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