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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (7): 1382-1392    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.07.013
土木工程     
基于渗透原理的可吸水模型根系研发与性能研究
赵俊键1,2(),梁腾1,*(),詹良通1,2,梁钧3,陈延博1,赵宇1,2,陈云敏1,2
1. 浙江大学 超重力研究中心，浙江 杭州 310058
2. 浙江大学 岩土工程研究所，浙江 杭州 310058
3. 香港科技大学 土木及环境工程系，香港 999077
Development and performance study of water uptake-able model root based on osmotic technique
Jun-jian ZHAO1,2(),Teng LIANG1,*(),Liang-tong ZHAN1,2,Kwan LEUNG ANTHONY3,Yan-bo CHEN1,Yu ZHAO1,2,Yun-min CHEN1,2
1. Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
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摘要：

为了模拟自然植物根系的吸水过程，探究其对周边土体水文力学特征的影响机制，利用3D打印技术，设计并制造基于正渗透原理的新型可吸水模型根系. 模型根系采用中空结构，侧壁开孔，外覆半透膜. 当内部灌注聚乙二醇（PEG）溶液时，PEG溶液和土中水分间存在的渗透压梯度驱使了模型根系吸水. 常重力模型根系吸水试验结果表明，在含砂粉质黏土中，循环浓度等效1500 kPa渗透压的PEG溶液可在根系附近土体中产生最大约120 kPa的基质吸力，该基质吸力超过了真空法模型根系的理论最大产生吸力. 通过在适当范围内调整PEG溶液的质量摩尔浓度，并控制溶液循环特征，模型根系可以具备不同的吸水能力，从而模拟不同的现实工况.
关键词： 生态岩土工程;  土体基质吸力;  模型根系;  渗透原理;  3D打印技术    
Abstract:

A new 3-D printed water uptake-able model root based on osmotic technique was designed and manufactured in order to simulate the effects of water uptake by real plant roots and its influence on hydrological and mechanical properties of the surrounding soil. The model root was designed with a perforated hollow structure and wrapped with a semi-permeable membrane. Water was absorbed from soil by the osmotic pressure gradient between PEG solution and soil water when filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution inside. Results of 1-g water uptake tests in silty clay with sand showed that circulating PEG solution with a concentration equivalent to an osmotic pressure of 1500 kPa produced a maximum soil matric suction of approximately 120 kPa near the model root, overcoming the suction inducing limit of existing water uptake-able model root using vacuum technique. The model root could possess varied water uptake potential, hence simulate different evaporation scenarios through adjusting the molality of solute PEG within proper range and controlling solution circulating properties.
Key words: soil bioengineering    soil matric suction    model root    osmotic technique    3D-printing technique
收稿日期: 2022-07-19 出版日期: 2023-07-17
CLC:  TU 43  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41961144018, 52008368, 51988101, 51922112）；香港研究资助局项目（C6006-20G）
通讯作者: 梁腾     E-mail: zhaojunjian@zju.edu.cn;tliang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 赵俊键（1997—），男，硕士生，从事植被护坡研究. orcid. org/0000-0003-1732-1532. E-mail： zhaojunjian@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

赵俊键,梁腾,詹良通,梁钧,陈延博,赵宇,陈云敏. 基于渗透原理的可吸水模型根系研发与性能研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(7): 1382-1392.

Jun-jian ZHAO,Teng LIANG,Liang-tong ZHAN,Kwan LEUNG ANTHONY,Yan-bo CHEN,Yu ZHAO,Yun-min CHEN. Development and performance study of water uptake-able model root based on osmotic technique. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(7): 1382-1392.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.07.013    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2023/V57/I7/1382

图 1  PEG 20 000溶液的质量摩尔浓度-白利度校准结果
图 2  新型3D打印根系模型的示意图
图 3  试验土样的颗粒级配曲线
项目 参数 实测值
基本土性参数 相对密度Gs 2.676
最大干密度ρdmax/(g·cm?3) 1.6
水的最优质量分数wopt/% 19.5
w2/% 16
w0.06/% 63
w0.002/% 21
D10/mm 0.001
D30/mm 0.004
D60/mm 0.01
塑限PL/% 26.42
液限LL/% 39.97
塑性指数PI/% 13.55
水文特性参数
(ρd =1.4 g/cm3) 		饱和渗透系数ks/（m·s?1） 3×10?8
进气值AEV/kPa 20
水的饱和体积分数φs/% 0.47（脱湿），0.41（吸湿）
水的残余体积分数φr/% 0.10（脱湿），0.10（吸湿）
α/kPa?1 0.035（脱湿），0.045（吸湿）
n 1.26（脱湿），1.24（吸湿）
m 0.21（脱湿），0.19（吸湿）
表 1  试验土样参数汇总
图 4  试验土样干湿过程土水特性曲线（ρd = 1.4 g/cm3）
图 5  模型根系与自然根系、FDM打印ABS塑料根系及其他材料的强度参数对比（修改自文献[20]）
图 6  模型根系常重力吸水试验系统的示意图
图 7  常重力模型根系吸水试验布置的示意图
试验ID p/kPa b/(mol·kg?1) 溶液循环
R-01 0 — —
R-02 1500 0.01915 是
R-03 750 0.014 00 是
R-04 3000 0.02675 是
R-05 1500 0.01915 否
表 2  常重力室内模型试验组的设置汇总
图 8  土体基质吸力时程的变化情况
图 9  模型根系吸水前、后的土体垂直基质吸力分布
图 10  模型根系吸水前、后的土体水平基质吸力分布
图 11  试验土体非饱和渗透系数随基质吸力变化的情况
图 12  根系吸水浓差极化现象的示意图
图 13  模型根系产生最大土体基质吸力剖面与自然植株的对比
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