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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (4): 870-878    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.023
电气工程     
基于电力系统机电振荡的发电侧惯量评估
任智强1,2(),田铭兴1,2,*(),姜宇1,2,邢东峰1,2
1. 兰州交通大学 自动化与电气工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730070
2. 兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通电气自动化工程实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070
Evaluation of generator side inertia based on electromechanical oscillation of power system
Zhiqiang REN1,2(),Mingxing TIAN1,2,*(),Yu JIANG1,2,Dongfeng XING1,2
1. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Rail Transit Electrical Automation Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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摘要：

新能源发电设备接入发电侧会导致发电侧呈现“弱惯量”特征，影响系统的安全稳定运行. 利用同步相量测量单元(PMU)测量机电振荡响应，提出基于小扰动下机电振荡参数的发电侧惯量评估方法. 根据惯量响应过程的特点，推导与各发电机惯量有关的不平衡功率分配公式. 根据多机系统小信号状态方程与特征根的关系，推导多机系统发电侧惯量计算公式. 介绍单机系统发电侧惯量的计算方法，阐述惯量计算公式中的惯量比与固有振荡频率的测量方法. 通过单机系统、双机互联系统、WSCC3机9节点系统、10机39节点系统仿真算例验证所提方法的正确性. 结果表明，所提方法在多个系统中的发电侧惯量评估值与实际值接近，具有良好的适应性，可用于电力系统的发电侧惯量评估.
关键词： 电力系统;  发电侧惯量评估;  惯量响应;  机电振荡;  小信号状态方程    
Abstract:

The connection of new energy power generation equipment to the power generation side leads to the emergence of “weak inertia” characteristics on the power generation side, which affects the safe and stable operation of the system. The synchronous phase measurement unit (PMU) was used to measure the electromechanical oscillation response, and based on the electromechanical oscillation parameter under small perturbation, an inertia assessment method for the power generation side was proposed. Based on the characteristics of the inertia response process, the unbalanced power allocation equation related to the inertia of each generator was derived. Based on the relationship between the small-signal state equation and the characteristic root of the multi-machine system, the formula for calculating the inertia of the generation side of a multi-machine system was derived. The inertia calculation of the generation side of a single-machine system was introduced, and the measurement methods of inertia ratio and the intrinsic oscillation frequency in the inertia calculation formula were described. The correctness of the proposed method was verified by simulation examples of a single-machine system, a dual-machine interconnection system, a WSCC 3-machine 9-node system, and a 10-machine 39-node system. Results show that the generation side inertia evaluation values obtained with the proposed method in several systems are close to the actual values and have good adaptability. The method can be used for power system generation side inertia evaluation.
Key words: power system    generation side inertia evaluation    inertia response    electromechanical oscillation    small-signal state equation
收稿日期: 2024-01-25 出版日期: 2025-04-25
CLC:  TM 71  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52167013）；甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目（24JRRA225）；甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目（23JRRA891）.
通讯作者: 田铭兴     E-mail: rzqlzjtu@163.com;tianmingxing@mail.lzjtu.cn
作者简介: 任智强（1997—），男，硕士生，从事电力系统惯量研究. orcid.org/0009-0004-4523-3083. E-mail：rzqlzjtu@163.com
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引用本文:

任智强,田铭兴,姜宇,邢东峰. 基于电力系统机电振荡的发电侧惯量评估[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(4): 870-878.

Zhiqiang REN,Mingxing TIAN,Yu JIANG,Dongfeng XING. Evaluation of generator side inertia based on electromechanical oscillation of power system. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(4): 870-878.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.04.023    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I4/870

图 1  多机系统示意图
图 2  单机无穷大母线系统结构图
参数数值参数数值
发电机内电势$ E $0.9线路电抗$ {{X}}_{{\mathrm{L}}} $0.15
无穷大端电压$ V $1.0发电机功角$ \delta $/(°)21.1
发电机暂态电抗$ {X}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\prime} $0.3发电机惯量$ H $/s5
变压器等效电抗$ {{X}}_{{\mathrm{T}}} $0.2——
表 1  单机无穷大母线系统参数
图 3  单机无穷大母线系统的功角振荡曲线
图 4  双机互联系统结构图
参数数值参数数值
电机内电势$ E_{1} $、$ E_{2} $1.03线路电抗$ {{X}}_{{\mathrm{L}}} $0.8
电机暂态电抗$ {X}_{\mathrm{d}1}^{\prime} $、$ {X}_{{{\mathrm{d}}2}}^{\prime} $0.2电机功角$ \delta_{1} $、$ \delta_{2} $/(°)5.60、?18.77
变压器电抗$ {X}_{{\mathrm{T}}1} $、${X}_{{\mathrm{T}}2} $0.1电机惯量$ H_{1} $、$ H_{2} $/s4、2
表 2  双机互联系统参数
图 5  各发电机瞬时有功功率改变量曲线（双机互联系统）
图 6  双机互联系统发电机相对功角曲线
编号H/s误差/%
实际值测量值
发电机144.246.00
发电机222.031.50
表 3  双机互联系统的发电机惯量评估结果
图 7  WSCC3机9节点系统结构图
编号S/(MV·A)H/s
发电机1247.523.64
发电机2192.06.40
发电机3128.03.01
表 4  WSCC3机9节点系统的发电机参数
图 8  各发电机瞬时有功功率改变量曲线（WSCC3机9节点系统）
图 9  WSCC3机9节点系统发电机相对功角曲线
编号H/s误差/%
实际值测量值
发电机123.6422.226.00
发电机26.406.183.44
发电机33.012.893.98
表 5  WSCC3机9节点系统发电机惯量评估结果
图 10  新能源接入后各发电机瞬时有功功率改变量曲线（WSCC3机9节点系统）
图 11  WSCC3机9节点系统发电机相对功角曲线（新能源接入后）
编号H/s误差/%
实际值测量值
发电机123.6422.206.09
等值发电机23.203.083.73
发电机33.012.961.66
表 6  新能源接入后WSCC3机9节点系统发电侧惯量评估结果
图 12  10机39节点系统结构图
编号H/s编号H/s
发电机150.00发电机63.48
发电机23.03发电机72.64
发电机33.58发电机82.43
发电机42.86发电机93.45
发电机52.60发电机104.20
表 7  发电机或等效发电机惯量（10机39节点系统）
编号$ \Delta P_{\mathrm{e}i}^{\prime} $/MW编号$\Delta P_{\mathrm{e}i}^{\prime} $/MW
发电机1189.00发电机613.58
发电机211.50发电机710.20
发电机313.06发电机89.52
发电机411.00发电机913.56
发电机510.55发电机1016.02
表 8  各发电机或等效发电机有功功率改变量（10机39节点系统）
编号${\omega _{\mathrm{z}}}$(rad/s)
发电机2-发电机13.918
发电机3-发电机14.124
发电机4-发电机14.126
发电机5-发电机14.124
发电机6-发电机14.124
发电机7-发电机14.122
发电机8-发电机14.608
发电机9-发电机14.123
发电机10-发电机14.124
表 9  相对功角曲线振荡角频率（10机39节点系统）
编号H/s误差/%
实际值测量值
发电机150.0046.836.34
发电机23.032.855.94
发电机33.583.249.50
发电机42.862.734.55
发电机52.602.610.38
发电机63.483.363.45
发电机72.642.534.17
发电机82.432.362.88
发电机93.453.362.61
发电机104.203.975.48
表 10  10机39节点系统发电侧惯量评估结果
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