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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (2): 394-401    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.017
机械工程、能源工程     
柴油机缸内碳烟颗粒生长的动力学演变
余愿心1,2(),魏明锐1,2,鞠洪玲1,2,*()
1. 武汉理工大学 现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430070
2. 武汉理工大学 汽车零部件技术湖北省协同创新中心，湖北 武汉 430070
Dynamic evolution of soot particle growth in diesel engine cylinder
Yuanxin YU1,2(),Mingrui WEI1,2,Hongling JU1,2,*()
1. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Auto Parts Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Auto Parts Technology Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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摘要：

以一台缸内直喷柴油机为原型，建立三维仿真模型，耦合详细碳烟模型，研究柴油机在不同负荷下缸内碳烟颗粒的质量分布和数密度变化规律. 将计算得到的结果及气流参数作为动力学模拟的初始条件，利用拉格朗日方法建立颗粒动力学模型追踪每个颗粒的运动，计算碳烟颗粒的完整生长过程. 结果表明，燃烧结束后，碳烟成核速率逐渐趋近于零，表面生长和凝结速率低于氧化速率，碳烟总质量逐渐降低；气缸顶部、气缸壁及活塞处的碳烟质量分数均较小. 利用构建的颗粒动力学模型，可以模拟碳烟基本粒子到团聚体的生长过程，在不同负荷下得到的积聚体形貌主要呈枝状和簇状结构，与实验采样得到的几种主要形貌相似；不同负荷下的分形维数均与实验测量值相近，最大误差约为1.5%.
关键词： 柴油机;  碳烟颗粒;  详细碳烟模型;  动力学演变;  形貌;  分形维数    
Abstract:

A three-dimensional simulation model was established by taking an in-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine as the prototype. A detailed soot model was coupled to analyze the mass distribution and number density variation of soot particles in the cylinder of the diesel engine under different load. The calculated results and airflow parameters were taken as the initial conditions for dynamic simulation, and the particle dynamics model was established by using the Lagrange method to track the motion of each particle in order to calculate the complete growth process of soot particles. Results showed that the nucleation rate of soot gradually approaches zero, the surface growth and condensation rate were lower than the oxidation rate, and the total mass of soot gradually decreased after combustion. The soot mass fraction at the top of the cylinder, cylinder wall, and piston was relatively low. The constructed particle dynamics model can simulate the growth process from basic particles of soot to aggregates. The particle dynamics model can be used to simulate the growth process from soot elementary particles to aggregates, and the morphology of the aggregates obtained under different loads was mainly branched and clustered structure, which was similar to the main morphologies obtained by experimental sampling. The fractal dimensions under different loads were similar to those measured by the experiments, with a maximum error of about 1.5%.
Key words: diesel engine    soot particle    detailed soot model    dynamic evolution    morphology    fractal dimension
收稿日期: 2023-12-22 出版日期: 2025-02-11
CLC:  TK 42  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51706163）.
通讯作者: 鞠洪玲     E-mail: 1786198559@qq.com;juhongling@whut.edu.cn
作者简介: 余愿心（1998—），男，硕士，从事内燃机性能及控制的研究. orcid.org/0009-0002-3388-0465. E-mail：1786198559@qq.com
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引用本文:

余愿心,魏明锐,鞠洪玲. 柴油机缸内碳烟颗粒生长的动力学演变[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(2): 394-401.

Yuanxin YU,Mingrui WEI,Hongling JU. Dynamic evolution of soot particle growth in diesel engine cylinder. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(2): 394-401.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.02.017    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I2/394

图 1  颗粒碰撞计算的流程图
参数数值
发动机类型四缸四冲程
缸径/mm96
行程/mm103
排量/L2.982
压缩比17.5
标定功率/kW85
标定转速/（r·min?1）3200
连杆长度/mm155
喷孔数7
表 1  YC4FA 116-40柴油机的主要参数
图 2  燃烧室网格的示意图
模拟类型模型
湍流模型RNG k-ε
蒸发模型Frossling
碰撞模型NTC collision
破碎模型KH-RT
燃烧模型SAGE
碳烟模型Particle Size Mimic
NOx模型Extended Zeldovich
表 2  三维模拟中的数学模型
图 3  缸内压力、放热率的模拟值与实验值对比
图 4  不同负荷下的缸内碳烟质量分数
图 5  气缸顶部的碳烟数密度
图 6  50%负荷下碳烟的平均数密度和总质量
图 7  50%负荷下碳烟成核、表面生长、凝结和氧化过程中的质量变化量
图 8  50%负荷下不同时刻缸内的碳烟总质量分数
p /MPavg/(m·s?1)k/(m2·s?2)?/ (m2·s?3)
0.184.410.757206.71
0.384.400.766153.75
0.635.171.082275.89
0.886.401.089260.02
1.139.221.501294.43
表 3  不同负荷下的气流参数
参数数值
ρp/(g·cm?3)1.8
A/ J1×10?19
e0.4
${z_0}$/ m4×10?10
${{{{{p}}}} _{\text{pl}}}$/ Pa5×109
${u_{\text{f}}}$0.4
表 4  湍流中的粒子特性
图 9  计算域内的颗粒初始空间分布图
图 10  50%负荷下计算开始时的计算域截面图
图 11  50%负荷下计算结束时的计算域截面图
图 12  计算结束时碳烟颗粒积聚体的示意图
图 13  实际的碳烟积聚体形貌[21]
图 14  碳烟颗粒分型维数的变化趋势
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