玉米/生姜套作模式下玉米株型与行宽对生姜光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.04.161

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (3): 310-320 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.04.161

园艺科学

玉米/生姜套作模式下玉米株型与行宽对生姜光合特性及产量的影响

郑开友(

),任云,李洪雷,刘静,李强(

)

重庆文理学院园林与生命科学学院/特色植物研究院，重庆经济植物生物技术重点实验室/重庆市特种植物协调创新中心，重庆 402160

Effects of maize plant type and row width on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of ginger under maize/ginger intercropping mode

Kaiyou ZHENG(

),Yun REN,Honglei LI,Jing LIU,Qiang LI(

)

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China

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摘要：

采用玉米/生姜套作模式，以‘竹根姜’为研究对象，设置2种玉米株型（平展型玉米‘正红311’和紧凑型玉米‘正红2号’）、3种行宽（2、3、4 m）和2个生姜净作对照（净作遮光，CK₁；净作未遮光，CK₂），共计8个处理，研究玉米株型与行宽对玉米/生姜套作模式下生姜光环境、叶绿素含量、光合性能、生长特性及产量的影响。结果表明，遮光可以提高生姜叶绿素含量，降低叶绿素a/b比值，改善叶片光合性能，从而改善其株高、茎粗及分枝数，最终获得高产。玉米/生姜套作模式下生姜株高、茎粗、分枝数、产量，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量，总叶绿素/类胡萝卜素比值、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均高于未遮光处理，而生姜冠层与底层透光率、叶绿素a/b比值及胞间CO₂浓度均低于未遮光处理。综上所述，玉米/生姜套作对生姜的遮光效果存在显著的玉米株型和行宽差异，其中，平展型玉米‘正红311’在2 m行宽处理下对生姜的遮光效果最好。

关键词： 套作; 玉米株型; 行宽; 生姜; 光合特性; 产量

Abstract:

This study attempted to explore the effects of maize plant type and row width on the light environment, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, growth characteristics and yield of ginger under the maize/ginger intercropping mode. A total of eight treatments were set, including two plant types of maize cultivars [expanded cultivar ‘Zhenghong 311’ (ZH 311), and compact cultivar ‘Zhenghong 2’ (ZH 2)], three row widths (2, 3, and 4 m), and two controls (sole cropping of ginger under shading, CK₁; sole cropping of ginger without shading, CK₂). The results indicated that shading could increase the chlorophyll content of leaves, maintain a low chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio, improve the photosynthetic performance of ginger leaves, so as to promote the growth of plant height, stem diameter and branching number, and obtain a high yield. The plant height, stem diameter, branching number, yield, contents of Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of ginger under the maize/ginger intercropping mode were higher than those of CK₂, while the light transmittance of ginger canopy and bottom, Chl a/b ratio, and intercellular CO₂ concentration were lower than those of CK₂. In summary, the shading effects of maize/ginger intercropping on ginger are significantly different in maize plant type and row width. The expanded maize cultivar with 2 m row width has the best shading effect on ginger.

Key words: intercropping maize plant type row width ginger photosynthetic characteristics yield

收稿日期: 2021-04-16 出版日期: 2022-07-07

CLC:

S 632.5

基金资助: 重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0803);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN201801339)

通讯作者: 李强 E-mail: 1335196898@qq.com;liqiangxj@163.com

作者简介: 郑开友（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-5772），E-mail：1335196898@qq.com

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引用本文:

郑开友,任云,李洪雷,刘静,李强. 玉米/生姜套作模式下玉米株型与行宽对生姜光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(3): 310-320.

Kaiyou ZHENG,Yun REN,Honglei LI,Jing LIU,Qiang LI. Effects of maize plant type and row width on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of ginger under maize/ginger intercropping mode. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(3): 310-320.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.04.161 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I3/310

表1 供试的玉米品种特征

图1 生姜生育期的气象条件

图2 玉米/生姜套作田间示意图在2 m行宽下，玉米与生姜、生姜与生姜的行距均为0.40 m；在3 m行宽下，玉米与生姜、生姜与生姜的行距均为0.43 m；在4 m行宽下，玉米与生姜、生姜与生姜的行距均为0.40 m。

表2 不同处理下生姜冠层与底层透光率

图3 不同套作模式下生姜株高差异短栅上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，下同。

图4 不同套作模式下生姜茎粗差异

图5 不同套作模式下生姜分枝数差异

表3 不同处理下生姜叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量差异

表4 不同处理下生姜叶片光合特征参数差异

图6 不同套作模式下生姜产量差异

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