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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (3): 343-354    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.07.171
资源利用与环境保护     
保水剂施用量对秦巴山区土壤特性及烤烟生长的影响
白岗栓1,2(),耿伟3,何登峰4
1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西 杨凌 712100
2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西 杨凌 712100
3. 安康市烟草公司旬阳分公司，陕西 旬阳 725700
4. 陕西省烟草公司，西安 710065
Effects of super absorbent polymer with different application rates on soil characteristics and flue-cured tobacco growth in Qinba mountain area
Gangshuan BAI1,2(),Wei GENG3,Dengfeng HE4
1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
3. Xunyang County Tobacco Company of Shaanxi Province, Xunyang, 725700, Shaanxi, China
4. Tobacco Company of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710065, China
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摘要：

为了改善土壤特性，减少季节性干旱对烤烟生长的影响，促进保水剂在烤烟生产中的应用，以不施保水剂为对照，设置45、60和75 kg/hm2 3个聚丙烯酸钾保水剂施用量，分析不同施用量对秦巴山区黄棕壤烟田土壤水分、土壤体积质量和烤烟生长状况、烤烟常规化学成分及烤烟经济性状的影响。结果表明：在烤烟还苗期至团棵期施用量为75 kg/hm2的处理对土壤水分影响相对较大，旺长期至采收后则为施用量为60 kg/hm2的处理，但从还苗期到采收后不同施用量均未对土壤水分产生显著影响。施用量为60 kg/hm2的处理可显著降低0～20和＞20～40 cm土层的土壤体积质量，而施用量为45和75 kg/hm2的处理对土壤体积质量未产生显著影响。不同施用量均可促进烤烟生长，提高烤烟产量、烤烟常规化学成分及产值，其中施用量为60 kg/hm2的处理显著提高了上等烟的比例，降低了下等烟比例，提高了烤烟净产值。表明秦巴山区黄棕壤烟田聚丙烯酸钾保水剂的适宜施用量以60 kg/hm2左右为宜。
关键词： 烤烟;  保水剂;  施用量;  土壤水分;  土壤体积质量;  产量产值    
Abstract:

In order to improve soil characteristics, reduce the effect of seasonal drought on the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and promote the application of super absorbent polymer in flue-cured tobacco production, we analyzed the effects of different super absorbent polymer application rates on soil moisture, soil bulk density, flue-cured tobacco growth, conventional chemical composition and economic characteristics. The potassium polyacrylate super absorbent polymer of 45, 60 and 75 kg/hm2 was separately applied to the tobacco field with yellow brown soil in Qinba mountain area, and no super absorbent polymer was applied as a control. The results showed that the application rate of 75 kg/hm2 had a relatively large effect on the soil moisture from seedling survival stage to rosette stage of flue-cured tobacco, while the treatment with application rate of 60 kg/hm2 had a relatively greater effect on soil moisture from flourishing growth stage to after maturity stage. However, different application rates of potassium polyacrylate super absorbent polymer had no significant effect on soil moisture from seedling survival stage to after maturity stage. The soil bulk density of 0-20 and ＞20-40 cm soil layers was significantly reduced by the treatment with application rate of 60 kg/hm2, but the treatments with application rate of 45 and 75 kg/hm2 had no significant effect on soil bulk density. All application rates of potassium polyacrylate super absorbent polymer promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco, increased flue-cured tobacco yield, conventional chemical composition and output value. The proportion of superior tobacco significantly increased, while the proportion of inferior tobacco significantly decreased, and the net output value of the flue-cured tobacco significantly increased by the treatment with application rate of 60 kg/hm2. In sum, the suitable application rate of potassium polyacrylate super absorbent ploymer is about 60 kg/hm2 in the tobacco field with yellow brown soil in Qinba mountain area.
Key words: flue-cured tobacco    super absorbent polymer    application rate    soil moisture    soil bulk density    yield and output value
收稿日期: 2018-07-17 出版日期: 2019-06-25
CLC:  S 572  
基金资助: 中国烟草总公司陕西省公司项目“秦巴生态优质烟区水肥耦合调控关键技术”。
作者简介: 白岗栓（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-6032），E-mail：gshb@nwsuaf.edu.cn
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引用本文:

白岗栓,耿伟,何登峰. 保水剂施用量对秦巴山区土壤特性及烤烟生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(3): 343-354.

Gangshuan BAI,Wei GENG,Dengfeng HE. Effects of super absorbent polymer with different application rates on soil characteristics and flue-cured tobacco growth in Qinba mountain area. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(3): 343-354.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.07.171    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I3/343

图1  试验监测期间烤烟不同生长期的日均降水量

生育时期

Growth stage

SAP处理

SAP treatment/(kg/hm2)

 土层深度 Soil depth/cm 平均 Average
0～10 ＞10～20 ＞20～30 ＞30～40 ＞40～50 ＞50～60

起垄前

Before ridging stage

 0(CK) 18.19a 22.21a 20.48a 19.63a 19.86a 20.13a 20.08a
45 18.20a 22.20a 20.48a 19.65a 19.89a 20.13a 20.08a
60 18.18a 22.20a 20.50a 19.61a 19.84a 20.15a 20.08a
75 18.19a 22.23a 22.46a 19.65a 19.84a 20.13a 20.08a

还苗期

Seedling survival stage

 0(CK) 21.72b 23.24a 22.28a 21.98a 21.32a 21.04a 21.93a
45 22.26ab 23.82a 22.54a 22.28a 21.46a 21.08a 22.24a
60 22.76ab 24.07a 22.78a 22.46a 21.52a 21.12a 22.45a
75 23.14a 24.36a 23.12a 22.66a 21.56a 21.14a 22.66a

团棵期

Rosette stage

 0(CK) 20.01b 21.84b 20.56a 20.02a 22.14a 21.62a 21.03a
45 20.42ab 22.34ab 20.89a 20.32a 22.18a 21.68a 21.31a
60 20.78ab 22.66ab 21.07a 20.53a 22.21a 21.69a 21.49a
75 21.13a 22.96a 21.38a 20.72a 22.21a 21.72a 21.69a

旺长期

Flourishing growth stage

 0(CK) 21.23a 20.24a 19.28a 18.45a 19.01a 19.58a 19.63a
45 21.76a 20.65a 19.46a 18.68a 19.36a 19.64a 19.93a
60 21.98a 20.84a 19.68a 18.79a 19.54a 19.65a 20.08a
75 21.54a 20.38a 19.38a 18.65a 19.44a 19.64a 19.84a

打顶期

Topping stage

 0(CK) 10.34a 10.65a 10.42a 10.45a 10.06a 11.24a 10.69a
45 10.39a 10.74a 10.45a 10.54a 11.08a 11.28a 10.75a
60 10.42a 10.86a 10.46a 10.65a 11.11a 11.32a 10.80a
75 10.37a 10.72a 10.42a 10.56a 11.12a 11.31a 10.75a

采收期

Maturity stage

 0(CK) 10.24b 10.36b 11.69a 13.54a 13.24a 14.56a 12.27a
45 10.32ab 10.52ab 11.74a 13.68a 13.42a 14.67a 12.39a
60 10.78a 10.94a 11.98a 13.82a 13.56a 14.78a 12.64a
75 10.46ab 10.68ab 11.73a 13.65a 13.46a 14.65a 12.44a

采收后

After maturity stage

 0(CK) 17.09a 18.42a 18.56a 18.52a 18.98a 18.99a 18.43a
45 17.54a 18.84a 18.59a 18.61a 19.05a 18.99a 18.60a
60 17.84a 19.28a 18.79a 18.89a 19.12a 19.09a 18.84a
75 17.36a 18.92a 18.64a 18.68a 19.02a 19.04a 18.61a
表1  不同处理不同生长期的土壤水分含量

生育时期

Growth stage

SAP处理

SAP treatment/(kg/hm2)

 土层深度 Soil depth/cm
0～20 ＞20～40

起垄前

Before ridging stage

 0(CK) 1.19a 1.22a
45 1.19a 1.22a
60 1.19a 1.22a
75 1.19a 1.22a

旺长期

Flourishing growth stage

 0(CK) 1.17a 1.19a
45 1.13ab 1.15ab
60 1.10b 1.13b
75 1.12ab 1.14ab

还苗期

Seedling survival stage

 0(CK) 1.16a 1.18a
45 1.12ab 1.14ab
60 1.10b 1.12b
75 1.12ab 1.13ab

采收后

After maturity stage

 0(CK) 1.17a 1.20a
45 1.14ab 1.16ab
60 1.11b 1.13b
75 1.12ab 1.15ab
表2  不同处理不同生长期的土壤体积质量

SAP处理

SAP treatment/

(kg/hm2)

移栽期

Transplanting

stage

还苗期

Seedling

survival

stage

团棵期

Rosette

stage

旺长期

Flourishing

growth

stage

现蕾期

Budding

stage

打顶期

Topping

stage

圆顶期

Round

topping

stage

 采收期 Maturity stage

第1次

First

第2次

Second

第3次

Third

结束

Finished
0(CK) 05-01 05-08 06-01 06-21 06-27 07-05 07-13 07-12 07-21 08-04 08-26
45 05-01 05-08 06-01 06-21 06-27 07-05 07-13 07-12 07-21 08-04 08-26
60 05-01 05-08 05-31 06-20 06-28 07-04 07-13 07-12 07-21 08-04 08-26
75 05-01 05-08 05-31 06-20 06-27 07-04 07-12 07-12 07-21 08-04 08-26
表3  不同处理的烤烟物候期

生育时期

Growth stage

SAP处理

SAP

treatment/

(kg/hm2)

株高

Plant height/

cm

茎围

Stem

girth/

cm

叶片数

Number of blades

最大叶长

Length of maximum blade/cm

最大叶宽

Width of maximum blade/cm

最大叶面积

Area of maximum blade/cm2

上部

Upper

中部

Middle

下部

Lower

上部

Upper

中部

Middle

下部

Lower

上部

Upper

中部

Middle

下部

Lower

团棵期

Rosette stage

 0(CK) 45.8b 7.8a 14.0a 37.9b 55.6a 41.4a 19.0b 31.8b 24.2bB 456.90bB 1 121.85b 635.69cB
45 46.9ab 8.0a 14.0a 39.7ab 55.5a 41.3a 20.4a 32.5ab 26.5aAB 513.87aA 1 144.48b 694.43bAB
60 48.7a 8.1a 14.0a 39.9a 57.7a 41.9a 20.8a 33.6a 27.7aA 526.58aA 1 230.12a 736.42aA
75 48.6a 8.1a 14.0a 40.2a 57.5a 41.0a 20.1a 33.1ab 27.1aA 512.69aA 1 207.61a 704.99abAB

现蕾期

Budding stage

 0(CK) 137.2a 8.4b 29.0a 36.9b 63.2b 45.6a 18.4b 26.6a 23.6c 430.80cB 1 066.67c 682.82c
45 139.8a 9.1a 29.0a 37.5ab 64.7ab 46.3a 19.7a 27.4a 24.4bc 468.74bAB 1 124.83b 716.81bc
60 140.3a 9.2a 29.0a 39.5a 67.4a 46.4a 20.6a 27.9a 25.7a 516.29aA 1 193.15a 756.63a
75 140.0a 8.9a 29.0a 38.6ab 65.1ab 46.3a 20.1a 27.5a 25.5ab 492.28abA 1 135.91ab 749.12ab

圆顶期

Round topping stage

 0(CK) 112.3a 9.2bB 21.0a 51.6a 64.9a 48.0b 19.5c 28.4a 25.9b 638.43cB 1 169.49b 788.81cB
45 115.0a 9.6bAB 21.0a 53.0a 66.4a 50.7a 19.8bc 29.3a 26.6ab 665.84bcAB 1 234.43a 855.70bAB
60 117.7a 10.7aA 21.0a 54.0a 67.0a 52.0a 21.4a 29.6a 27.8a 733.23aA 1 258.34a 917.23aA
75 116.3a 10.6aA 21.0a 52.8a 66.4a 51.3a 20.7ab 29.5a 27.7a 693.48bAB 1 242.86a 901.63aA
表4  不同处理不同生长期的烤烟生长状况

SAP处理

SAP treatment/(kg/hm2)

烟碱

Nicotine/

%

总糖

Total sugar/%

还原糖

Reducing sugar/%

总氮

Total

nitrogen/%

钾

Potassium/

%

氯

Chlorine/

%

氮碱比

Ratio of nitrogen to nicotine

糖碱比

Ratio of sugar to nicotine

钾氯比

Ratio of

potassium to chloride

方正汇总行优质烤烟

High quality flue-cured tobacco

 1.8～2.8 20～25 18～22 1.5～2.5 ＞2.0 ＜0.8 ≤1 8～12 4～10
0(CK) 2.13cB 23.2b 20.5b 1.74b 1.71b 0.137b 0.82a 10.89a 12.48a
45 2.26bAB 24.5a 22.4a 1.80ab 1.78ab 0.142ab 0.80ab 10.84a 12.54a
60 2.45aA 25.2a 22.6a 1.87a 1.85a 0.148a 0.76b 10.29b 12.50a
75 2.27bAB 24.4ab 22.5a 1.82ab 1.79ab 0.143ab 0.80ab 10.75ab 12.52a
表5  不同处理的烤烟常规化学成分

SAP处理

SAP treatment/(kg/hm2)

产量

Yield/

(kg/hm2)

均价

Average price/

(CNY/kg)

产值

Output value/

(CNY/hm2)

保水剂费用

Expense of SAP/

(CNY/hm2)

净增产值

Net increase in output value/(CNY/hm2)

烤烟等级比例

Grade ratio of flue-cured tobacco/%

上等烟

Superior

中等烟

Medium

下等烟

Inferior
0(CK) 1 469.85a 20.58b 3 0261.90b 0.0 0.00 32.9b 49.3a 17.8aA
45 1 499.25a 21.30ab 3 1933.50a 810.0cC 861.60cC 35.2a 48.4a 16.4bcAB
60 1 533.60a 21.66a 3 3218.55a 1 080.0bB 1 876.65aA 36.3a 47.9a 15.8cB
75 1 464.90a 21.19ab 3 2847.75a 1 350.0aA 1 235.85bB 35.7a 47.7a 16.6bAB
表6  不同处理的烤烟产量、产值及等级比例
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