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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (11): 2067-2075    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.11.003
机械工程     
拉刀切削刃表面微结构对拉削性能的影响
倪敬*(),郭鑫润,毋少峰,任旭
杭州电子科技大学 机械工程学院，浙江 杭州 310018
Influence of broaching cutting edge surface microstructure on broaching performance
Jing NI*(),Xing-run GUO,Shao-feng WU,Xu REN
College of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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摘要：

为了研究拉刀切削刃表面微结构对拉削加工的影响，搭建拉削加工实验台，设计5种表面微结构数量不同的拉刀，进行实际拉削负载、工件振动特性和切屑蜷曲半径的对比实验. 实验结果表明，当刀具型号从2/3型变为6/7型时，拉削负载呈现先减小后增大的趋势；使用4/5型拉刀时的拉削负载最低，与使用2/3型拉刀和6/7型拉刀时相比，负载分别降低420、647 N. 拉刀切削刃表面微结构槽数量越多，对工件振动特性的抑制效果越好；使用6/7型拉刀时的工件微振动均方根振幅和刀齿切入频率对应的幅值相对于使用2/3型拉刀时分别降低38%、63%. 随着拉刀切削刃微结构槽数量的增多，切屑的蜷曲半径（即切屑变形难易程度）呈现先减小后增大的趋势，当使用4/5型拉刀时切屑的蜷曲半径达到最小值（654 μm）. 增加切削刃表面微结构的数量可以提高拉削性能，但是数量并不是越多越好，而是存在最优值.
关键词： 表面微结构;  切削刃;  切削负载;  振动;  实验研究    
Abstract:

In order to study the influence of the broaching cutting edge surface microstructure on the broaching process, a broaching test bench was set up. Five kinds of broaches with different numbers of surface micro-structure grooves were designed. A comparison test of the actual broaching load, the workpiece vibration characteristics and the chip tortuous radius was carried out. Test results showed that when the tool model changed from 2/3 to 6/7, the broaching load first decreased and then increased, and when the 4/5 type broach was used, the cutting load was the lowest, which was 420 N lower than that of the 2/3 type broach, and 647 N lower than that of the 6/7 type broach. The more the number of micro-grooves on the surface of the broaching cutting edge, the better the suppression effect on the vibration characteristics of the workpiece. Compared with the 2/3 type broach, the root mean square amplitude of the micro-vibaration of the workpiece and the amplitude corresponding to the cutting frequency of the 6/7 type broach were reduced by 38% and 63%, respectively. With the increase of the number of micro-structure grooves of the broaching cutting edge, the tortuous radius of the chip, i.e. the difficulty of chip deformation, decreased first and then increased, and the distortion radius of the chip was the minimum (654 μm) when the 4/5 type broach was used. Increasing the number of microstructures on the cutting edge surface can improve the broaching performance, but not the more the better, there is an optimum value.
Key words: surface micro-structure    cutting edge    broaching load    vibration    experimental research
收稿日期: 2018-09-28 出版日期: 2019-11-21
CLC:  TG 501  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51775153）
通讯作者: 倪敬     E-mail: nijing2000@163.com
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倪敬
郭鑫润
毋少峰
任旭

引用本文:

倪敬,郭鑫润,毋少峰,任旭. 拉刀切削刃表面微结构对拉削性能的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(11): 2067-2075.

Jing NI,Xing-run GUO,Shao-feng WU,Xu REN. Influence of broaching cutting edge surface microstructure on broaching performance. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(11): 2067-2075.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.11.003    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I11/2067

图 1  拉削实验系统
图 2  拉削刀具示意图
图 3  不同型号拉刀的表面微结构
图 4  拉削加工前、后的工件模型
刀具型号 v/（mm?s?1） fs/kHz to/s nt N
2/3 80 2 8 2或3 10
3/4 80 2 8 3或4 10
4/5 80 2 8 4或5 10
5/6 80 2 8 5或6 10
6/7 80 2 8 6或7 10
表 1  实验参数设计表
图 5  不同型号拉刀的拉削负载曲线
图 6  不同拉刀平均负载对比图
图 7  多齿切削情况下工件与刀齿的接触原理图
拉刀型号 m bt/mm Δ/%
2/3 2，3 15.0，14.5 10，14
3/4 3，4 14.5，14.0 14，17
4/5 4，5 14.0，13.5 17，18
5/6 5，6 13.5，13.0 18，23
6/7 6，7 13.0，12.5 23，28
表 2  切屑凸起宽度与刀齿接触宽度比
图 8  不同型号拉刀拉削过程中工件振动特性变化趋势
图 9  不同型号拉刀拉削过程中工件z方向的振动特性频谱图
图 10  不同型号拉刀产生的切屑形态
图 11  不同型号拉刀产生的切屑蜷曲半径变化趋势
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