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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (2): 275-284    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.142
可靠性与保质设计     
基于双侧Halbach阵列可靠稳定吸附的永磁轮设计与参数优化
卢炳盛1(),唐东林1(),胡远遥1,车健波1,何媛媛1,2
1.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,四川 成都 610500
2.四川省特种设备检验研究院,四川 成都 610000
Design and parameter optimization of permanent magnet wheel based on reliable and stable adhesion of bilateral Halbach arrays
Bingsheng LU1(),Donglin TANG1(),Yuanyao HU1,Jianbo CHE1,Yuanyuan HE1,2
1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2.Sichuan Special Equipment Inspection Institute, Chengdu 610000, China
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摘要:

为提升永磁吸附爬壁机器人在导磁壁面上的负载能力与机动性能,提出了一种双侧Halbach永磁轮结构,旨在解决传统单侧Halbach永磁轮吸附力不可调、整体吸附力较小以及在周向转动过程中吸附力波动大的问题。该结构通过内、外侧永磁轮的协同作用,实现了吸附性能的增强与吸附力波动的有效抑制。基于磁偶极子理论与麦克斯韦应力张量法,构建了双侧Halbach永磁轮的吸附力理论模型,并通过有限元分析验证了其准确性。同时,构建了评估永磁轮吸附性能的参数指标,重点分析了内、外侧永磁轮之间的相对转角对吸附力调控效果的影响,并对相对转角进行了优化。最后,搭建了永磁轮吸附性能测试实验平台以开展实测研究。结果显示:当双侧Halbach永磁轮的相对转角为35°时,其平均吸附力达到187.955 N,吸附力波动系数降至0.057;相较于传统的单侧永磁轮结构,其平均吸附力提高了114.004%,吸附力波动系数降低了89.366%。研究表明,双侧Halbach永磁轮结构通过相对转角的调节作用,实现了吸附性能的显著增强与可控调节,为高性能永磁吸附系统的设计提供了理论支撑和实践指导,这对提升工业自动化设备的可靠性与安全性具有重要意义。

关键词: 爬壁机器人Halbach永磁轮式吸附吸附稳定性参数优化    
Abstract:

In order to improve the load-bearing capacity and mobility of permanent magnet adhesion wall-climbing robots on ferromagnetic surfaces, a bilateral Halbach permanent magnet wheel structure is proposed, aiming to address the issues of non-adjustable adhesion force, low overall adhesion force, and large adhesion force fluctuations during circumferential rotation of traditional unilateral Halbach permanent magnet wheels. This structure achieved the enhancement of adhesion performance and effectively suppressed adhesion force fluctuations through the collaborative action of the inner and outer permanent magnet wheels. Based on the theory of magnetic dipoles and the Maxwell stress tensor method, an adhesion force theoretical model of the bilateral Halbach permanent magnet wheel was constructed and its accuracy was verified through the finite element analysis. Meanwhile, parameter indicators for evaluating the adhesion performance of the permanent magnet wheel were established. The influence of the relative rotation angle between the inner and outer permanent magnet wheels on the adhesion force regulation effect was analyzed in detail, and the relative rotation angle was optimized. Finally, an experimental platform for testing permanent magnet wheel adhesion performance was built and the practical research was conducted. The results showed that when the relative rotation angle of the bilateral Halbach permanent magnet wheel was 35°, its average adhesion force reached 187.955 N, and the adhesion force fluctuation coefficient dropped to 0.057. Compared with the traditional unilateral permanent magnet wheel structure, its adhesion force increased by 114.004%, and the adhesion force fluctuation coefficient was reduced by 89.366%. The study demonstrates that the bilateral Halbach permanent magnet wheel structure achieves significant enhancement and controllable adjustment of adhesion performance through the regulation of relative rotation angles, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the design of high-performance permanent magnet adhesion systems, which is of great significance for improving the reliability and safety of industrial automation equipment.

Key words: wall-climbing robot    Halbach permanent magnet wheel adhesion    adhesion stability    parameter optimization
收稿日期: 2025-06-16 出版日期: 2026-04-28
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 四川省自然科学基金资助项目(2024NSFSC2003);四川省市场监督管理总局科技项目(SCSJS2024006);南充市-西南石油大学市校科技战略合作项目(23XNSYSX0048);南充市-西南石油大学市校科技战略合作项目(23XNSYSX0061)
通讯作者: 唐东林     E-mail: Cobingo@163.com;tdl840451816@163.com
作者简介: 卢炳盛(2000—),男,硕士生,从事爬壁机器人永磁吸附技术及应用等研究,E-mail: Cobingo@163.com,https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3991-7289
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引用本文:

卢炳盛,唐东林,胡远遥,车健波,何媛媛. 基于双侧Halbach阵列可靠稳定吸附的永磁轮设计与参数优化[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(2): 275-284.

Bingsheng LU,Donglin TANG,Yuanyao HU,Jianbo CHE,Yuanyuan HE. Design and parameter optimization of permanent magnet wheel based on reliable and stable adhesion of bilateral Halbach arrays[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(2): 275-284.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.142        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I2/275

图1  双侧Halbach永磁轮结构示意
图2  双侧Halbach永磁轮内部磁块的磁化方式
图3  磁块到观测点的距离示意图
图4  单侧Halbach永磁轮内部磁感线分布
图5  单侧Halbach永磁轮的吸附力与壁面厚度、壁面间距的关系
图6  单侧Halbach永磁轮有限元仿真模型
图7  单侧Halbach永磁轮周向转动过程中的吸附力变化曲线
图8  双侧Halbach永磁轮周向转动过程中的吸附力变化曲线
相对转角 θrel/(°)平均吸附力Fmean/N吸附力波动幅度?F/N吸附力波动系数CF
0199.87880.1320.401
15199.12962.8730.316
30190.67124.5970.129
45182.37724.8030.136
60174.32677.0830.442
75168.842117.8930.698
90168.052126.1420.751
表1  0°~90°相对转角下双侧Halbach永磁轮周向转动过程中的吸附力评价指标
相对转角 θrel/(°)平均吸附力Fmean/N吸附力波动幅度?F/N吸附力波动系数CF
30190.67124.5970.129
31190.13721.8660.115
32189.59818.9600.100
33189.05416.2590.086
34188.50613.3840.071
35187.95510.7130.057
36187.40111.2440.060
37186.84511.0240.059
38186.28711.3640.061
39185.72712.0720.065
40185.16713.1470.071
41184.60714.7690.080
42184.04816.7480.091
43183.48919.2660.105
44182.93221.9520.120
45182.37724.8030.136
表2  30°~45°相对转角下双侧Halbach永磁轮周向转动过程中的吸附力评价指标
图9  Halbach永磁轮周向转动过程中的吸附力变化曲线
图10  Halbach永磁轮吸附性能测试实验平台
图11  Halbach永磁轮周向转动过程中的吸附力对比
  
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