Structural characteristics of pozzolanic reaction products of cemented soil

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.01.016

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2025, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 167-176 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.01.016

Structural characteristics of pozzolanic reaction products of cemented soil

Fei XU1(

),Jinyu GE1,2,Hua WEI1,Jiahui LIANG1,Huaisen LI1,Xuesong HAN1

1. Materials and Structural Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China

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Abstract

In order to elucidate the formation mechanism of the pozzolanic reaction products in cemented soil, the model soils were prepared with quartz powder, bentonite (mass fraction of montmorillonite is 67%) and kaolin (mass fraction of kaolinite is 40%), and the plain cemented soils and NaOH or KOH activated cemented soils were cast under an initial porosity of 3%. The structural characteristics of the pozzolanic reaction products in different cemented soil systems were explored using the combined techniques of XRD and ²⁹Si NMR. Results show that Ca²⁺ is the critical ion in constituting the structure of various reaction products in cemented soil; the formation of hydrated silicate (M—S—H), hydrated aluminate (M—A—H), and hydrated aluminosilicate (M—A—S—H) gel with high alumina-silica ratio during the pozzolanic reaction are promoted by the NaOH addition, while the formation of M—A—S—H structures with low alumina-silica ratio and elongated chain are promoted by the KOH addition (M=Na, K, Ca). Regarding the effects of clay types, the M—A—S—H structures are prone to form in the cemented kaolin during the pozzolanic reaction, and the montmorillonite with larger interlayer spacing and the 1∶1 type aluminosilicate structures are produced in the cemented bentonite.

Key words： cemented soil pozzolanic reaction microstructure ²⁹Si NMR XRD

Received: 07 November 2023 Published: 18 January 2025

CLC:

TU 41

Fund: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52109161）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2021M691630）.

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Cite this article:

Fei XU,Jinyu GE,Hua WEI,Jiahui LIANG,Huaisen LI,Xuesong HAN. Structural characteristics of pozzolanic reaction products of cemented soil. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(1): 167-176.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.01.016 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2025/V59/I1/167

水泥固化土火山灰反应产物的结构特性

选取蒙脱土（蒙脱石质量分数为67%）、高岭土（高岭石质量分数为40%）以及石英粉配制人工土，制备初始孔隙率为3%的水泥固化土（水泥土）和掺入NaOH或KOH的改性水泥土. 联用X射线衍射技术及²⁹Si核磁共振技术解析不同水泥土体系下火山灰反应产物的结构特性，揭示水泥土火山灰反应产物的生成机理. 结果表明，Ca²⁺是组成水泥土中各类反应产物结构的关键离子；掺入NaOH时，火山灰反应向生成水化硅酸盐（M—S—H）、水化铝酸盐（M—A—H）及高铝硅比的水化铝硅酸盐（M—A—S—H）凝胶发展；掺入KOH时，火山灰反应向生成低铝硅比长链状M—A—S—H结构发展（M=Na、K、Ca）. 固化高岭土发生火山灰反应易生成M—A—S—H结构，固化蒙脱土易生成层间距较大的蒙脱石以及1∶1型铝硅酸盐结构.

关键词： 水泥土, 火山灰反应, 微观结构, ²⁹Si 核磁共振, X射线衍射

Fig.1 XRD-Rietveld result of cement

Fig.2 XRD patterns of raw soils

Fig.3 Deconvolution results of ²⁹Si NMR spectra for raw soils

Tab.1 Basic physical indicators of test soil samples

Tab.2 Mix proportions for cemented soil

Fig.4 Cemented soil samples after molding

Tab.3 NMR spectra interpretation

Fig.5 Influence of cement mass fraction on XRD patterns of cemented soil samples

Fig.6 Deconvolution results of ²⁹Si NMR spectra for unmodified cemented soil with different cement mass fraction

Tab.4 Characterization results of silicon polymeric states in unmodified cemented soil samples obtained from deconvolution of ²⁹Si NMR spectra

Fig.7 Microscopic phase characterization and structural analysis of alkali-activated cemented bentonite samples

Tab.5 Characterization results of silicon polymeric states in alkali-activated cemented bentonite samples obtained from deconvolution of ²⁹Si NMR spectra

Fig.8 Microscopic phase characterization and structural analysis of alkali-activated cemented kaolin samples

Tab.6 Characterization results of silicon polymeric states in alkali-activated cemented kaolin samples obtained from deconvolution of ²⁹Si NMR spectra


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