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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (10): 2109-2120    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.10.004
    
Research progress on application of mechanical-chemical coupling in fabrication of high-efficiency perovskite optoelectronic thin films
Xinyao ZENG(),Huiyi ZONG,Xiangzhe LI,Kai WANG*(),Jin QIAN
Huanjiang Laboratory, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zhuji 311800, China
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Abstract  

The fluid dynamic behavior of halide perovskite precursor solutions during thin-film formation was systematically elucidated, and a unified theoretical framework for regulating solute transport, evaporation dynamics, and crystallization evolution was established. Rheological measurements, kinetic analysis, and numerical simulations of representative coating processes were combined to characterize velocity distributions and concentration migration during the stages of viscous flow, interfacial spreading, and evaporation-induced solidification. In addition, particle image velocimetry and interfacial tracking techniques enabled coordinated observation of flow-field structures, evaporation front positions, and crystal orientation. The results indicated that the solvent system, shear conditions, and interfacial properties were key variables governing solute distribution and crystallization pathways, and the appropriate control of evaporation gradients and interfacial energy could effectively suppress the coffee-ring effect. Overall, a systematic mechanistic framework spanning solution engineering, process control, interfacial regulation, and structural characterization was established, providing a predictable and designable pathway for achieving highly uniform, low-defect perovskite thin films and a theoretical basis for the controlled fabrication of solution-processed perovskite optoelectronic materials.

Key words： perovskite solution processing      fluid dynamics      solute transport      interfacial regulation      multiscale modeling     
Received: 22 December 2025      Published: 28 July 2026
CLC:  O 35  
  TB 3  
Fund:  浙江省自然科学基金杰出青年项目（LR25A020002）.
Corresponding Authors: Kai WANG     E-mail: xinyz@zju.edu.cn;kaikaiwang@zju.edu.cn
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Xinyao ZENG
Huiyi ZONG
Xiangzhe LI
Kai WANG
Jin QIAN
Cite this article:

Xinyao ZENG,Huiyi ZONG,Xiangzhe LI,Kai WANG,Jin QIAN. Research progress on application of mechanical-chemical coupling in fabrication of high-efficiency perovskite optoelectronic thin films. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(10): 2109-2120.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.10.004     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2026/V60/I10/2109


力-化耦合在高效钙钛矿光电薄膜制造中的应用研究进展

旨在系统阐述卤化物钙钛矿前驱体溶液在成膜过程中的流体动力学行为，构建可用于调控溶质输运、蒸发动态与结晶演化的统一理论框架. 通过流变测试、动力学分析与典型涂布工艺的数值模拟相结合的方法，表征溶液在黏性流动、界面铺展与蒸发固化阶段的速度分布和浓度迁移特征，并借助粒子成像测速及界面追踪技术，实现对流场结构、蒸发前沿位置与晶体取向的协同观察. 结果表明，溶剂体系、剪切条件与界面性质是决定溶质分布与结晶路径的关键变量；适度调控蒸发梯度和界面能有效抑制咖啡环效应. 综上，建立了贯穿溶液工程、工艺调控、界面调节与结构表征的系统化机制框架，能为实现高均匀性、低缺陷的钙钛矿薄膜提供可预测、可设计的调控路径，并为溶液法加工钙钛矿光电材料的可调控制造奠定理论基础.


关键词： 钙钛矿溶液法成膜,  流体动力学,  溶质迁移,  界面调控,  多尺度建模 
Fig.1 Mechanism of coffee ring effect and changes of droplets before and after evaporation. Reproduced with permission [31]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature.
Fig.2 Schematic illustration of three solution-based fabrication methods
Fig.3 Landau-Levich model and schematic illustration of Marangoni convection within meniscus, along with corresponding physical field distributions.[40] Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry.
调控模块文献主导流体力学机制主控参数流体学结果调控效果
墨水工程[42]黏性阻尼；
马兰戈尼对流抑制		μ（黏度）、?γ（表面张力梯度）、
Pe（对流-扩散比）		对流场稳定化；抑制边缘富集与膜厚波动咖啡环效应抑制；膜表面均匀性显著改善；PCE提升至23.94%
工艺优化[43]剪切主导流；
蒸发–流动耦合		$ \dot{\gamma } $（剪切速率）、J（蒸发通量）、
Re-We（流动状态）		径向流重分布均一化；溶剂蒸发与流动动态受控大面积膜厚均匀性和PCE提高；器件稳定性显著增强
界面工程[20]毛细作用；
界面剪切场重构		θ（润湿角）、γsl（固–液界面能）、τinterface（界面剪切应力）液桥铺展动力学可控；界面不稳定模式降低岛状沉积与咖啡环效应协同抑制；PCE提升至25.54%
表征与建模[44]流场重建；
界面应力映射		v(x, y, z)（速度场）、?T→?γ（热毛细梯度）、σinterface（界面应力）流速梯度量化；晶体取向-流场关联揭示实时揭示结晶速率与流场演化关系；实现晶体取向与剪切场的定量关联
Tab.1 Overview of hydrodynamic regulation dimensions and their dominant mechanisms during film formation of perovskite solutions
Fig.4 GIWAXS characterization and orientation analysis of perovskite films under different treatments. Reproduced with permission.[11] Copyright 2024, Springer Nature.
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