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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (7): 1398-1406    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.07.020
Traffic Engineering, Civil Engineering     
Design and analysis of battery thermal management system for electric vehicle
Ming SHEN1,2(),Qing GAO1,2,*(),Yan WANG1,2,Tian-shi ZHANG1
1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
2. College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Abstract  

A refrigerant-based battery thermal management system with compact structure and high heat efficiency was proposed in order to solve the heat dissipation problem of high specific energy and superior energy density power battery. The coupling model of air-conditioning and battery thermal management was constructed by AMESim based on the whole vehicle system. The temperature drop and temperature uniformity of the single cell and battery module, the system’s COP and exergy efficiency were analyzed from the point of view of system temperature response characteristics and system energy consumption. Results show that the refrigerant-based system has a fast temperature response characteristic. The battery can be quickly cooled, and a better temperature uniformity under high temperature and high speed steady state and dynamic conditions can be achieved. The energy analysis was conducted for a stable working condition, and a higher system energy efficiency ratio with a COP of 4.19 was obtained. The exergy efficiency of system was 46.17%, and there’s the promotion space of system exergy efficiency.

Key words： battery thermal management system      refrigerant-based cooling      AMESim      temperature characteristic      energy consumption analysis     
Received: 25 September 2018      Published: 25 June 2019
CLC:  U 469  
Corresponding Authors: Qing GAO     E-mail: shenming2200@163.com;gaoqingjlu@163.com
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Ming SHEN
Qing GAO
Yan WANG
Tian-shi ZHANG
Cite this article:

Ming SHEN,Qing GAO,Yan WANG,Tian-shi ZHANG. Design and analysis of battery thermal management system for electric vehicle. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(7): 1398-1406.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.07.020     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2019/V53/I7/1398


电动汽车电池热管理系统设计与分析

针对高功率、高比能的动力电池散热问题，提出结构紧凑、换热高效的制冷剂直接热传输的电池热管理系统（简称直冷式系统）. 以整车系统为背景，利用AMESim搭建空调制冷与电池热管理的耦合模型，从系统的温度响应和能耗角度，分析电池组及电池单体平均温降、温均、系统COP以及?效率. 结果表明，直冷式系统具有较快的温度响应特性，在高温高速的稳态和动态工况下都可以对电池进行快速降温，实现了较好的温均性. 在针对某一稳定工况进行能耗分析时，得出COP为4.19的较高的系统能效比，但系统的?效率为46.17%，存在进一步提升系统?效率的空间.


关键词： 电池热管理系统,  直冷式,  AMESim,  温度特性,  能耗分析 
Fig.1 Refrigeration-based battery thermal management system
Fig.2 Comparison between experimental and simulated results of compressor
Fig.3 Diagram of discrete element of condensing pipeline
Fig.4 Comparison between experimental and simulated results of condenser
Fig.5 Parameters transfer of electro-thermal model
Fig.6 Comparison between experimental and simulation results of battery charging voltage
Fig.7 Comparison between experimental and simulation results of battery discharging voltage
Fig.8 Comparison between experimental and simulation results of battery temperature
Fig.9 Diagram of electric vehicle structure
Fig.10 Diagram of AMESim simulation model
参数 数值
电池组容量/Ah 85.4
电池组重量/kg 100
电池组个数 3
电芯数量 1P2×19S
电池组电压/V 160
电池外壳比热容/（J·kg?1·K?1） 900
电池外壳热导率/（W·kg?1·K?1） 150
冷板材料比热容/（J·kg?1·K?1） 1 066
冷板材料热导率/（W·kg?1·K?1） 100
Tab.1 Parameters of battery pack and cold plate
Fig.11 Diagram of battery temperature adjustment
工况 行驶工况 $\theta_{\rm{amb}} $/°C $\theta_{\rm{bat}}^{\rm{int}} $/°C
1 2 min 0 km/h,18 min 100 km/h 30 45
1 UDDS 30 45
1 US06 30 45
2 2 min 0 km/h,18 min 100 km/h 25 40
2 2 min 0 km/h,18 min 100 km/h 30 45
2 2 min 0 km/h,18 min 100 km/h 35 50
Tab.2 Refrigerant-based battery thermal management system simulation condition
Fig.12 Average temperature curve of refrigerant-based system under working condition 1
Fig.13 Average temperature curve of refrigerant-based system under working condition 2
Fig.14 Average temperature curve of single cell under US06
Fig.15 Pressure-enthalpy diagram of refrigerant-cooling system
测点 p/kPa h/（kJ·kg?1） s/（kJ·kg?1·K?1）
1 417.75 249.72 1.18
2 411.87 404.25 1.72
3 1545.10 441.15 1.75
4 1537.87 249.72 1.17
Tab.3 Status point parameter of refrigerant-based battery thermal management system
参数 E/（kJ·kg-1） ${\eta _{{\rm{E}}}}$/% ${\eta _{{\rm{ex}}}}$/% COP
蒸发冷板 18.24 31.60 ? ?
压缩机 8.27 14.32 ? ?
冷凝器 28.63 49.60 ? ?
节流阀 2.58 4.48 ? ?
系统 57.73 ? 46.17 4.19
Tab.4 Performance parameters of refrigerant-based battery thermal management system
Fig.16 Exergy loss ratio of cooling system components
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