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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (1): 178-189    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.01.018
计算机技术、通信工程     
基于双RSA累加器的无状态交易验证方案
杨晋生1(),王浩1,高镇2,*(),郭朝晖1
1. 天津大学 微电子学院，天津 300072
2. 天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院，天津 300072
Double RSA accumulator based stateless transaction verification scheme
Jin-sheng YANG1(),Hao WANG1,Zhen GAO2,*(),Zhao-hui GUO1
1. School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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摘要：

为了缓解区块链中不断膨胀的状态数据给节点带来的存储压力，针对以比特币为代表的UTXO模型区块链，提出基于双RSA累加器的无状态交易验证方案. 该方案利用固定大小的密码学承诺取代状态数据，在保证节点能够独立验证交易的基础上，大幅降低本地存储. 基于RSA累加器的特性，利用2次高效的添加操作替换了复杂的删除操作，以较少的通信开销为代价，大幅降低系统的计算开销，保证交易验证的效率. 实验结果表明，该方案相比于传统的区块链拥有较高的节点存储压缩率，相比于其他无状态方案拥有固定的额外通信开销及较高的交易验证效率.
关键词： 区块链;  UTXO;  RSA累加器;  状态存储;  交易验证    
Abstract:

A double RSA accumulator based stateless transaction verification scheme was proposed for the UTXO-model blockchain such as Bitcoin in order to release the storage burden in each node brought by the growing state data in blockchain. Fixed-size cryptographic commitments were used to replace the state data, which dramatically reduced the local storage on the basis of ensuring that nodes can independently verify transactions. The complicated delete operation was replaced by two efficient addition operations based on the properties of the RSA accumulator, which greatly reduced the computational overheads of the system at the cost of less communication overheads and ensured the efficiency of the transaction verification. The experimental results show that the scheme has a higher node storage compression ratio than the traditional blockchain, and has a fixed additional communication overhead and higher transaction verification efficiency than other stateless schemes.
Key words: blockchain    UTXO    RSA accumulator    state storage    transaction validation
收稿日期: 2022-07-15 出版日期: 2023-01-17
CLC:  TP 301  
通讯作者: 高镇     E-mail: jsyang@tju.edu.cn;zgao@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 杨晋生（1965—），男，副教授，从事无线传播技术与区块链技术的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-1780-6305. E-mail： jsyang@tju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

杨晋生,王浩,高镇,郭朝晖. 基于双RSA累加器的无状态交易验证方案[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(1): 178-189.

Jin-sheng YANG,Hao WANG,Zhen GAO,Zhao-hui GUO. Double RSA accumulator based stateless transaction verification scheme. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(1): 178-189.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.01.018    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2023/V57/I1/178

图 1  UTXO模型区块链中交易的数据结构
图 2  状态区块链中交易的生命周期
图 3  无状态区块链中交易的生命周期
图 4  基于双RSA累加器无状态交易验证方案的总体架构
图 5  无状态UTXO模型区块链中交易的数据结构
方案 累加器体制 额外开销(bits/UTXO)
Todd[21] 默克尔树 256log2 m
EDRAX[22] 默克尔树 256log2 M
Boneh[25] 单RSA b
MiniChain[26] RSA+默克尔树 2b+256log2 n +256log2 h
本文方案 双RSA 3b
表 1  每笔引用的UTXO产生的额外通信开销
方案 验证见证 更新承诺 生成见证 更新见证
Todd O(log2 m) O((ki +ko)log2 m) O(log2 m) O((ki +ko)log2 m)
EDRAX O(log2 M) O((ki +ko) log2 M) O(log2 M) O((ki +ko) log2 M)
Boneh O(1) O(ki2 +ko) O(ko) O(ki +ko)
MiniChain O(1)+O(log2 ko+log2 h) O(ki)+O(log2 h) O(ko)+O(log2 ko +log2 h) O(ki)+O(log2 h)
本文方案 O(1) O(ki +ko) O(ko) O(ki)
表 2  计算复杂度的对比
图 6  节点的存储压缩率
图 7  交易的完整生命周期耗时
图 8  交易生命周期各阶段的耗时
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