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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (7): 1267-1275    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.001
计算机技术、信息技术     
具有隐私保护的车联网空间众包任务分配方法
刘雪娇1(),王慧敏1,夏莹杰2,*(),赵思苇1
1. 杭州师范大学 信息科学与技术学院，浙江省密码技术重点实验室，浙江 杭州 311121
2. 浙江大学 计算机科学与技术学院，浙江 杭州 310027
Task allocation method for Internet of vehicles spatial crowdsourcing with privacy protection
Xue-jiao LIU1(),Hui-min WANG1,Ying-jie XIA2,*(),Si-wei ZHAO1
1. Key Laboratory of Cryptography of Zhejiang Province, School of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
2. College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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摘要：

为了解决传统车联网空间众包中集中式空间众包服务器不可信和易遭受攻击给用户隐私带来极大威胁的问题，提出区块链架构下具有隐私保护的车联网空间众包任务分配方法. 基于区块链技术，设计分布式可信的车联网空间众包系统. 采用多密钥全同态加密算法实现任务分配，支持对不同车辆用户 (密钥) 的密文数据进行任务分配，降低隐私泄露的可能性. 实验分析表明，采用该方法能够有效地保护用户隐私信息，任务分配的计算时间开销与现有研究方法相比下降了34.3%，提高了任务分配的效率.
关键词： 车联网;  空间众包;  隐私保护;  任务分配;  区块链    
Abstract:

A task allocation method for Internet of vehicles spatial crowdsourcing with privacy protection was proposed under the blockchain architecture in order to solve the problem that centralized spatial crowdsourcing server in the traditional spatial crowdsourcing of Internet of vehicles was untrusted and vulnerable to malicious attacks, which posed a great threat to users’ privacy. A distributed and trusted spatial crowdsourcing system of Internet of vehicles was designed based on the blockchain technology. The multi-key homomorphic encryption algorithm was adopted to distribute tasks, which supported task allocation of location ciphertext data of different vehicle users (keys). Then the possibility of privacy disclosure of vehicle users was reduced. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively protect users’ privacy information, reduce the computing overhead of task allocation by 34.3% compared with the existing methods, and improve the efficiency of task allocation.
Key words: Internet of vehicles    spatial crowdsourcing    privacy protection    task allocation    blockchain
收稿日期: 2021-12-23 出版日期: 2022-07-26
CLC:  TP 399  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（61873232）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LZ22F030004）；公安部重点实验室资助项目（2020DSJSYS005）
通讯作者: 夏莹杰     E-mail: liuxuejiao@hznu.edu.cn;xiayingjie@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 刘雪娇（1984—），女，副教授，从事车联网安全的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-2864. E-mail： liuxuejiao@hznu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

刘雪娇,王慧敏,夏莹杰,赵思苇. 具有隐私保护的车联网空间众包任务分配方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(7): 1267-1275.

Xue-jiao LIU,Hui-min WANG,Ying-jie XIA,Si-wei ZHAO. Task allocation method for Internet of vehicles spatial crowdsourcing with privacy protection. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(7): 1267-1275.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.001    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I7/1267

图 1  分布式可信车联网空间众包系统
图 2  车联网空间众包流程
符号 含义
$\ell \left( x \right)$ $ x $的比特长度
$ {\lambda _1} $ $ {\lambda _2} $ 部分强私钥
${\rm{p}}{{\rm{k}}_x}$ ${\rm{s}}{{\rm{k}}_x}$ 实体 $ x $的密钥对
${\left[ m \right]_{{\rm{p}}{{\rm{k}}_x} } }$ 使用 ${\rm{p}}{{\rm{k}}_x}$加密 $ m $的密文
${\rm{p}}{{\rm{k}}_\Sigma }$ 当前系统的联合公钥
${{H} }$ 哈希函数
表 1  方法的符号说明
图 3  各方法的任务分配成功率
图 4  整体的计算时间开销
图 5  任务分配的计算时间开销
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