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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (1): 1-15    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.01.001
计算机技术、信息与电子工程     
区块链数据安全管理和隐私保护技术研究综述
梁秀波(),吴俊涵,赵昱,尹可挺*()
浙江大学 软件学院, 浙江 杭州 310058
Review of blockchain data security management and privacy protection technology research
Xiu-bo LIANG(),Jun-han WU,Yu ZHAO,Ke-ting YIN*()
School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要：

针对当前区块链安全方面存在数据管理模式不合理、数据共享方案不可靠、智能合约漏洞不易修复和多类型数据隐私保护不完善等问题，分析并总结了国内外关于数据安全管理和隐私保护技术的文献. 从数据存储安全、数据隐私安全、数据访问安全和数据共享安全4个方面来概括目前区块链系统存在的各类安全问题及合理的解决方案，讨论区块链实现数据安全面临的挑战及未来的研究方向，为区块链安全领域相关人员未来的研究工作提供了一定的参考.
关键词： 区块链;  数据管理;  隐私保护;  安全存储;  安全访问;  安全共享    
Abstract:

The researches on data security management and privacy protection technologies at home and abroad were analyzed and summarized aiming at current problems in blockchain security, such as unreasonable data management mode, unreliable data sharing scheme, smart contract vulnerabilities not easily fixed and incomplete privacy protection of multiple types of data. Various security problems and reasonable solutions in current blockchain systems were outlined from four aspects: data storage security, data privacy security, data access security and data sharing security. The challenges and future research directions of data security in blockchain were discussed. Some reference for the future work of researchers was provided in the field of blockchain security.
Key words: blockchain    data management    privacy protection    secure storage    secure access    secure sharing
收稿日期: 2021-09-04 出版日期: 2022-01-05
CLC:  TP 399  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2019YFB1404903）.
通讯作者: 尹可挺     E-mail: xiubo@zju.edu.cn;yinkt@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 梁秀波(1983—), 男, 副研究员, 博士, 从事人工智能、自然人机交互、数字娱乐、大数据、区块链的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-5552. E-mail： xiubo@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

梁秀波,吴俊涵,赵昱,尹可挺. 区块链数据安全管理和隐私保护技术研究综述[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(1): 1-15.

Xiu-bo LIANG,Jun-han WU,Yu ZHAO,Ke-ting YIN. Review of blockchain data security management and privacy protection technology research. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(1): 1-15.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.01.001    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I1/1

图 1  区块链数据安全管理和隐私保护相关技术
图 2  节点可靠性验证模型架构[12]
混币机制 特点 混币花费 DoS攻击风险 女巫攻击风险 盗窃危险 混币数量 延迟 不可链接性
Mixcoin[23] 混合中心 需要 高 低 低 不限 高 一般
Blindcoin[24] 盲签名 需要 高 低 中等 不限 高 一般
Blind-mixing[25] 椭圆曲线+盲签名 需要 高 低 中等 不限 低 一般
Dash 多中心 需要 低 低 低 小 中等 高
CoinJoin[26] 多轮签名 不需要 高 高 低 小 高 一般
Xim[27] 多轮混合 不需要 中等 中等 高 大 高 高
Monero 环签名 不需要 高 低 低 不限 高 高
CoinShuffle[28] 解密混合网络 不需要 中等 低 低 小 高 高
CoinShuffle++[29] DC-nets 不需要 中等 低 低 小 低 高
CoinParty[30] 多方安全计算 不需要 低 低 中等 大 高 高
CoinMingle[31] 环签名 不需要 低 低 低 不限 低 高
表 1  各混币机制的特性对比
图 3  基于区块链的分布式PKI系统的一般流程
区块链 关系型语义 数据完整性保护 数据隐私保护
ChainSQL[64] 强 弱 弱
BigchainDB[65] 弱 弱 弱
EtherQL[66] 弱 弱 弱
SEBDB[68] 强 强 弱
BlockchainDB[70-71] 弱 强 弱
vChain[9] 弱 强 强
Searchain[75] 弱 弱 强
表 2  区块链单方数据可信查询性能的比较
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