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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (12): 2704-2715    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.016
通信与电子工程     
线性注意力与跨尺度融合的遥感语义分割网络
张景鸿1(),邵玉斌1,*(),唐菁敏1,杜庆治1,龙华1,2,张赜涛2
1. 昆明理工大学 信息工程与自动化学院,云南 昆明 650500
2. 云南省媒体融合重点实验室,云南 昆明 650228
Remote sensing semantic segmentation network with linear attention and cross-scale fusion
Jinghong ZHANG1(),Yubin SHAO1,*(),Jingmin TANG1,Qingzhi DU1,Hua LONG1,2,Zetao ZHANG2
1. Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Media Convergence, Kunming 650228, Kunming, China
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摘要:

针对遥感高分辨率影像语义分割中存在的跨尺度信息对齐不足、跳跃连接语义落差明显的问题,提出线性自注意力跳跃增强与跨尺度混合网络ORLA-OCM UNetFormer. 在保持 UNetFormer 的编码-解码框架及其训练与推理协议不变的前提下,仅对跳跃连接和跨尺度交互部分进行改进:在1/4、1/8、1/16 3个尺度的跳跃侧串行引入基于正交随机特征的线性自注意力块(ORLTB),并在进入解码器前通过线性跨尺度混合器(OCM)对多分辨率上下文在统一嵌入维度内进行一次性交互与回注. 实验在ISPRS Potsdam、ISPRS Vaihingen与LoveDA 3个基准数据集上,在统一的ResNet-18主干、单模型单尺度推理策略与一致的数据处理流程下进行评测. 结果显示,相对UNetFormer基线,Potsdam上总体精度(OA)、平均F1、mIoU分别达到91.7%、93.0%、87.1%,Vaihingen上为91.2%、90.7%、83.7%,LoveDA上mIoU提升至53.4%,表明所提方法在3个基准数据集上均取得了具有竞争力的分割性能.

关键词: 遥感图像;  语义分割;  线性自注意力;  正交随机特征;  跨尺度特征融合    
Abstract:

An ORLA-OCM UNetFormer with linear self-attention skip enhancement and cross-scale mixing was proposed to address insufficient cross-scale alignment and semantic gaps in skip connections for high-resolution remote sensing image segmentation. The UNetFormer encoder–decoder architecture and its training and inference protocols were kept unchanged, while only the skip connections and cross-scale interactions were modified. Orthogonal random-feature linear self-attention blocks (ORLTB) were serially inserted into the skip paths at the 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 scales. One-step interaction and reinjection of multi-resolution contexts were performed in a unified embedding space through a linear cross-scale mixer (OCM) before decoder input. Experiments were conducted on the ISPRS Potsdam, ISPRS Vaihingen and LoveDA benchmarks under a unified ResNet-18 backbone, single-model single-scale inference and consistent data processing. Overall accuracy (OA), mean F1, and mIoU reached 91.7%, 93.0% and 87.1% on Potsdam, and 91.2%, 90.7% and 83.7% on Vaihingen compared with the UNetFormer baseline. The mIoU on LoveDA increased to 53.4%. Competitive segmentation performance across all three benchmarks was demonstrated by these results.

Key words: remote sensing image    semantic segmentation    linear self-attention    orthogonal random feature    cross-scale feature fusion
收稿日期: 2025-10-23 出版日期: 2026-10-21
CLC:  TP 391  
基金资助: 云南省媒体融合重点实验室资助项目(220245203).
通讯作者: 邵玉斌     E-mail: 2783707546@qq.com;shaoyubin999@qq.com
作者简介: 张景鸿(2002—),男,硕士生,从事计算机视觉和图像处理研究. orcid.org/0009-0002-6951-2058. E-mail:2783707546@qq.com
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引用本文:

张景鸿,邵玉斌,唐菁敏,杜庆治,龙华,张赜涛. 线性注意力与跨尺度融合的遥感语义分割网络[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(12): 2704-2715.

Jinghong ZHANG,Yubin SHAO,Jingmin TANG,Qingzhi DU,Hua LONG,Zetao ZHANG. Remote sensing semantic segmentation network with linear attention and cross-scale fusion. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(12): 2704-2715.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.016    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I12/2704

图 1  线性自注意力跳跃增强与跨尺度混合网络的整体框架(ORLA-OCM UNetFormer)
方法骨干网络F1平均F1OAmIoU
不透水地表建筑低矮植被高植被车辆
EaNetResNet1892.095.784.385.795.190.688.783.4
MAResU-NetResNet1891.495.685.886.693.390.589.083.9
SwiftNetResNet1891.895.985.786.894.591.089.383.8
FANetResNet1892.096.186.087.894.591.389.884.2
ABCNetResNet1893.596.987.989.195.892.791.386.5
SegmenterViT-Tiny91.595.385.485.088.589.288.780.7
BANetResT-Lite93.396.787.489.196.092.591.086.3
SwinUperNetSwin-Tiny93.296.487.688.695.492.290.985.8
UNetFormerResNet1893.697.287.788.996.592.891.386.8
DSCTSwin-Tiny87.893.078.078.676.291.190.785.7
MobileViT V3MobileViTv388.993.779.080.292.192.691.186.8
ORLA-OCM UNetFormer(本文方法)ResNet1894.197.587.889.196.393.091.787.1
表 1  Potsdam测试集上不同方法的定量性能对比
方法骨干网络F1平均F1OAmIoU
不透水地表建筑低矮植被高植被车辆
FANetResNet1890.793.882.688.671.685.488.975.6
EaNetResNet1891.794.583.189.280.087.789.778.7
MAResU-NetResNet1892.095.083.789.378.387.790.178.6
SwiftNetResNet1892.294.884.189.381.288.390.279.6
ABCNetResNet1892.795.284.589.785.389.590.781.3
BoTNetResNet1889.992.181.888.771.384.888.074.3
BANetResT-Lite92.295.283.889.986.889.690.581.4
SegmenterViT-Tiny89.993.081.288.967.684.188.173.6
UNetFormerResNet1892.795.384.990.688.590.491.082.7
DSCTSwin-Tiny85.990.771.878.676.290.290.380.6
RS3MambaR18-Mamba-T96.795.584.490.086.990.793.283.3
LASC-MambaResNet1896.796.086.189.584.790.693.583.2
ORLA-OCM UNetFormer(本文方法)ResNet1892.195.885.190.889.190.791.283.7
表 2  Vaihingen测试集上不同方法的性能比较
方法骨干网络IoUmIoU
背景建筑道路水体裸地森林农田
FarSegResNet5043.151.553.976.69.843.358.948.2
FactSegResNet5042.653.652.876.916.242.957.548.9
BANetResT-Lite43.751.551.176.916.644.962.549.6
TransUNetViT-R5043.056.153.778.09.344.956.948.9
SegmenterViT-Tiny38.050.748.777.413.343.558.247.1
SwinUperNetSwin-Tiny43.354.354.378.714.945.359.650.0
DC-SwinSwin-Tiny41.354.556.278.114.547.262.450.6
UNetFormerResNet1844.758.854.979.620.146.062.552.4
MobileViT V3MobileViTv343.060.156.981.317.648.156.151.9
SSFNetResNet1845.657.456.981.518.445.563.452.7
RS3MambaR18-Mamba-T39.758.857.961.037.239.734.050.9
LASC-MambaResNet1846.158.455.579.919.247.663.252.9
ORLA-OCM UNetFormer(本文方法)ResNet1845.660.055.981.120.847.163.153.4
表 3  LoveDA测试集上不同方法的性能比较
图 2  Potsdam 测试集上不同方法的图像分割效果可视化比较
图 3  Vaihingen测试集上不同方法的图像分割效果可视化比较
图 4  LoveDA测试集上不同方法的图像分割效果可视化比较
方法ORLTBOCMPotsdamVaihingenLoveDA
F1mIoUOAF1mIoUOAmIoU
UnetFormer(基线)——92.886.891.390.482.791.052.4
UNetFormer(基线)√—92.987.091.690.683.491.153.0
UNetFormer(基线)—√92.986.991.590.583.191.152.8
UNetFormer(基线)√√93.087.191.790.783.791.253.4
表 4  不同测试集上的模块消融实验结果
方法mIoU方法mIoU
UNetFormer(基线)52.4UNetFormer+LASC+Mix52.9
UNetFormer+LASC-Mamba52.8UNetFormer+ORLA-OCM53.4
UNetFormer+Mix-Mamba52.8——
表 5  LoveDA 测试集上不同跳跃连接方法的消融对比
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