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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (12): 2683-2693    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.014
通信与电子工程     
多星编队混合射频测量体制性能分析与验证
朱云裳1(),金小军1,2,3,*(),石嘉颖1,徐兆斌1,2,金仲和1,2,3
1. 浙江大学 微小卫星研究中心，浙江 杭州 310027
2. 浙江省微纳卫星研究重点研究室，浙江 杭州 310027
3. 浣江实验室，浙江 诸暨 311899
Performance analysis and validation of hybrid RF measurement scheme for multi-satellite formations
Yunshang ZHU1(),Xiaojun JIN1,2,3,*(),Jiaying SHI1,Zhaobin XU1,2,Zhonghe JIN1,2,3
1. Micro-Satellite Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Satellite Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310027, China
3. Huanjiang Laboratory, Zhuji 311899, China
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摘要：

为了兼顾微小卫星多星编队星间测量系统的测量精度与可扩展性，提出融合时分复用(TDM)与频分复用(FDM)的混合体制测量方案. 在时分复用体制中采用非对称双边双程测量(ADS-TWR)方法，在较低的硬件复杂度下实现系统的可扩展性. 在频分复用体制中采用双向单程测量(DOWR)方法，以发挥频分体制的高精度优势并提升测量效率. 围绕该混合体制测量方案，开展距离测量误差的建模分析、仿真评估及实验验证，并对2种体制的测量性能进行对比. 基于Cartwheel构型六星编队的仿真结果表明，在百公里内的星间距离场景下，该混合体制方案可以实现cm级测距精度，优于单纯时分复用方案. 通过频分体制双向单程测量方法的实验，验证了该混合体制方案的可行性与性能优势.
关键词： 微小卫星多星编队;  自主星间射频测量;  混合测量体制;  双向单程测量;  非对称双边双程测量    
Abstract:

A hybrid measurement scheme combining time-division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) was proposed in order to meet both the measurement accuracy and scalability requirements of inter-satellite ranging systems for micro-satellite formations. An asymmetric double-side two-way ranging (ADS-TWR) method was applied under the time-division mechanism in order to ensure system scalability with relatively low hardware complexity. A dual one-way ranging (DOWR) method was adopted under the frequency-division mechanism to exploit the high-precision advantage of frequency-division mechanism and improve measurement efficiency. Error modeling analysis, simulation evaluation and experimental validation of ranging error were conducted for the proposed scheme, and the performance of two mechanisms was compared. Simulation based on a six-satellite Cartwheel formation showed that centimeter-level ranging accuracy was achieved over inter-satellite distance within one hundred kilometers, which was superior to the pure time-division-based system. The experimental verification of the DOWR method under the frequency-division mechanism confirmed the feasibility and performance benefits of the proposed hybrid scheme.
Key words: micro-satellite formations    autonomous inter-satellite radio frequency measurement    hybrid measurement scheme    dual one-way ranging    asymmetric double-sided two-way ranging
收稿日期: 2025-09-23 出版日期: 2026-10-21
CLC:  V 448  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（62073289）.
通讯作者: 金小军     E-mail: 22324062@zju.edu.cn;axemaster@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 朱云裳（2001—），女，硕士生，从事无线电星间测距研究. orcid.org/0009-0009-7710-7037. E-mail：22324062@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

朱云裳,金小军,石嘉颖,徐兆斌,金仲和. 多星编队混合射频测量体制性能分析与验证[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(12): 2683-2693.

Yunshang ZHU,Xiaojun JIN,Jiaying SHI,Zhaobin XU,Zhonghe JIN. Performance analysis and validation of hybrid RF measurement scheme for multi-satellite formations. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(12): 2683-2693.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.014    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I12/2683

图 1  频分体制测量方案
图 2  编队内双星频分测量
图 3  时分体制测量方案示意图
图 4  编队内双星时分测量
图 5  混合体制测量方案
图 6  DOWR测量过程
图 7  DOWR测量中的延时
图 8  ADS-TWR测量中的延时
图 9  DOWR/ADS-TWR频率源偏移误差
图 10  Cartwheel多星编队
参数数值参数数值
$ a $/km6 900$ \varOmega $/（°）0
$ e $0.01$ \omega $/（°）0
$ i $/（°）97.5$ {M}_{0} $/（°）0
表 1  虚拟参考卫星的轨道参数
图 11  卫星运动误差仿真结果
图 12  伪码相位噪声仿真结果
参数数值参数数值
$ N $2$ {B}_{\text{L}}\text{/Hz} $35
$ {f}_{\text{PN}}/\text{MHz} $5.115$ {B}_{\text{fe}}\text{/MHz} $20
$ {T}_{\text{coh}}\text{/μs} $50$ {T}_{\text{s}}\text{/s} $5
表 2  伪码相位噪声系统与环路参数表
星间测距方案软硬件规模需求系统同步需求测量精度可扩展性
注：“++”表示最优，“+”次之，“?”最差，相同符号表示并列.
频分复用体制下的DOWR方法—++++—
时分复用体制下的ADS-TWR方法+++—++
混合体制测量方案++++++
表 3  DOWR、ADS-TWR与混合测量方案对比表
图 13  星间距离测量总误差仿真结果
图 14  测量设备整体架构图
图 15  RF测量单板的整体架构图
参数数值参数数值
$ {f}_{0}/\text{MHz} $40$ {P}_{\text{th}}/\text{dBm} $?110
$ {\varepsilon }_{\text{acc}} $$ {0.1\times 10}^{-6} $$ {D}_{\text{rx}}/\text{dB} $≥60
$ {\sigma }_{\text{allan}} $$ 0.01\times {10}^{-9} $$ {P}_{\text{tx}}/\text{mW} $≥400
$ {f}_{\text{c1}}/\text{MHz} $2000$ {f}_{\text{c2}}/\text{MHz} $2352
表 4  测量设备主要硬件参数表
图 16  时分复用平台实物图
图 17  频分复用平台实物图
图 18  DOWR距离测量功能验证结果
图 19  DOWR距离测量稳定性验证结果
图 20  DOWR距离测量载噪比验证结果
图 21  ADS-TWR距离测量稳定性验证结果
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