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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (12): 2673-2682    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.013
通信与电子工程     
基于频域双维协同特征的AUV多传感器融合导航
韦超(),陈凌峰,王雨农,鲁仕博,徐元欣*()
浙江大学 信息与电子工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058
Bispectral synergetic feature-based multi-sensor fusion navigation for AUV
Chao WEI(),Lingfeng CHEN,Yunong WANG,Shibo LU,Yuanxin XU*()
College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要:

为了克服单一时间维度表示对导航状态刻画和传感器交互特性捕捉不足的局限,提出基于频域双维度协同特征提取的模型(BiSN). 该模型通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)将时域信号转换至频域,提取显著频率分量后,将一维序列重塑为频率-离散周期的二维结构,协同挖掘传感器在时间维度上的变化趋势与多传感器读数之间的关联特征. 仿真实验表明,该方法的导航精度较当前先进模型显著提升. 所提模型在传感器缺失数据填补方面表现出色,增强了导航系统的鲁棒性.

关键词: 水下自主航行器;  AUV导航;  频域;  深度学习;  数据填补    
Abstract:

A bispectral synergetic network (BiSN) was proposed for dual-dimensional cooperative feature extraction in the frequency domain in order to overcome the limitation of single temporal dimension representation in characterizing navigation states and capturing sensor interaction characteristics. Time-series signals were converted to frequency domain by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT), and significant frequency components were extracted. The one-dimensional sequence was reshaped into a two-dimensional structure based on frequency and discrete period. This approach enabled the joint exploration of temporal dynamics and cross-sensor interactions. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves navigation accuracy compared with state-of-the-art models. The proposed model exhibits strong performance in reconstructing missing sensor data, thereby enhancing the robustness of the navigation system.

Key words: autonomous underwater vehicle    AUV navigation    frequency domain    deep learning    data imputation
收稿日期: 2025-11-09 出版日期: 2026-10-21
CLC:  U 666  
基金资助: 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LMS26F010003);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2800101).
通讯作者: 徐元欣     E-mail: 22331154@zju.edu.cn;xuyx@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 韦超(2000—),男,硕士,从事水下机器人导航研究. orcid.org/0009-0005-5319-8676. E-mail:22331154@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

韦超,陈凌峰,王雨农,鲁仕博,徐元欣. 基于频域双维协同特征的AUV多传感器融合导航[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(12): 2673-2682.

Chao WEI,Lingfeng CHEN,Yunong WANG,Shibo LU,Yuanxin XU. Bispectral synergetic feature-based multi-sensor fusion navigation for AUV. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(12): 2673-2682.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.013    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I12/2673

图 1  导航任务问题定义图
图 2  真实传感器信号的时域与频域特征对比
图 3  BiSN的总体架构
图 4  基于频域分析的二维结构重塑示意图
图 5  AUV仿真轨迹平面图
模型导航填补1(96步长)填补2(196步长)
RMSEMAEMSEMAEMSEMAE
TimeMixer0.20630.14410.00340.00860.00980.0290
TimeXer0.61140.5154————
TimesNet0.16650.09420.00090.00970.00540.026 0
PatchTST0.18890.12970.001 00.01010.00230.0162
iTransformer0.454 00.2831————
DLinear0.20730.15130.10660.15030.11620.1576
NonstationTransformer0.167 00.09850.00760.02500.00980.0338
FEDformer0.23030.16890.01010.02750.03440.053 0
BiSN0.14440.06860.00040.00770.001 00.0121
表 1  各模型在仿真数据集上导航与填补任务的精度对比
模型Np/106t/s
导航填补1填补2
TimeMixer0.1212.3219.5880.0021
TimeXer0.023——0.0033
TimesNet0.0450.3570.3860.0071
PatchTST0.0130.0500.1620.0025
iTransformer0.014——0.0019
DLinear0.0080.0040.0040.0018
NonstationTransformer0.1110.1160.1420.0047
FEDformer0.0350.0540.0500.0181
BiSN0.0951.3962.4960.0096
表 2  不同模型的参数和推理时间对比表
组合导航填补1填补2
RMSEMAEMSEMAEMSEMAE
time0.16920.09510.00100.01100.00490.0247
sensor0.18610.12620.00070.00850.00150.0143
time+平稳因子0.16860.09560.00090.01070.00480.0245
sensor+平稳因子0.18590.12610.00050.00780.00140.0141
time+sensor0.14680.07180.00050.00870.00120.0129
time+sensor+ 平稳因子0.14440.06860.00040.00770.00100.0121
表 3  本研究模型在不同组件配置下的消融实验结果
图 6  导航任务中BiSN和TimesNet的误差对比
图 7  BiSN和TimesNet的导航轨迹可视化
图 8  BiSN、TimesNet和PatchTST的数据填补任务可视化
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