Please wait a minute...
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (10): 2121-2128    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.10.005
工程力学     
考虑缠结效应的介电弹性体力-电耦合本构模型
蔡海啸(),陈梓坷,肖锐*()
浙江大学 航空航天学院 工程力学系,浙江 杭州 310027
Electro-mechanical coupling constitutive model for dielectric elastomers considering entanglement effect
Haixiao CAI(),Zike CHEN,Rui XIAO*()
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
 全文: PDF(1413 KB)   HTML
摘要:

经典超弹性模型(如八链模型和全链模型)难以同时准确描述介电弹性体单轴与双轴拉伸力学行为,进而导致现有力-电耦合理论无法精准预测实际电致变形响应. 针对这一不足,基于管模型理论,在超弹性框架中引入分子链缠结效应,构建仅依赖应变张量第一与第二不变量、包含3个材料参数的新型超弹性模型. 结合理想介电假说,建立具有4个参数的介电弹性体力-电耦合本构模型. 通过拟合丙烯酸酯类弹性体的单轴拉伸、双轴拉伸及纯剪切力-电耦合实验数据,验证模型预测能力. 与传统基于八链模型构建的力-电耦合理论相比,考虑缠结效应的本构模型显著提升多轴拉伸行为拟合精度,并有效描述材料电致变形响应. 建立的模型有望为软体驱动器结构设计提供理论支撑,未来工作可将黏弹性与损伤效应纳入力-电耦合框架.

关键词: 介电弹性体软材料本构模型超弹性力电耦合    
Abstract:

Classical hyperelastic models (such as eight-chain and full-chain models) struggled to accurately describe uniaxial and biaxial tensile behaviors of dielectric elastomers simultaneously, causing inaccurate predictions of actual electro-induced responses in existing electro-mechanical coupling theories. To address this limitation, entanglement effect was introduced into the hyperelastic framework based on the tube model theory, and a novel hyperelastic model depending only on first and second invariants of strain tensor and containing three material parameters was constructed. Combined with ideal dielectric hypothesis, an electro-mechanical coupling constitutive model for dielectric elastomers with four parameters was established. The predictive capability of the proposed model was validated by fitting experimental data from uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, and pure shear electro-mechanical coupling tests of acrylic elastomers. Compared with traditional electro-mechanical coupling models based on eight-chain models, the constitutive model considering entanglement effect significantly improved fitting accuracy for multiaxial tensile behaviors and effectively described electro-induced deformation responses. The established model is expected to provide theoretical support for structural design of soft actuators, and future work can incorporate viscoelasticity and damage effects into the electro-mechanical coupling framework.

Key words: dielectric elastomer    soft material    constitutive model    hyperelasticity    electro-mechanical coupling
收稿日期: 2025-12-27 出版日期: 2026-07-28
CLC:  TP 393  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金创新群体资助项目(12321002).
通讯作者: 肖锐     E-mail: 12524057@zju.edu.cn;rxiao@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 蔡海啸(2002—),男,博士生,从事软物质力学研究. orcid.org/0009-0007-7308-9543. E-mail:12524057@zju.edu.cn
服务  
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
作者相关文章  
蔡海啸
陈梓坷
肖锐

引用本文:

蔡海啸,陈梓坷,肖锐. 考虑缠结效应的介电弹性体力-电耦合本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(10): 2121-2128.

Haixiao CAI,Zike CHEN,Rui XIAO. Electro-mechanical coupling constitutive model for dielectric elastomers considering entanglement effect. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(10): 2121-2128.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.10.005        https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I10/2121

图 1  微球模型示意图
图 2  介电弹性体示意图
图 3  模型对单轴拉伸试验的预测
图 4  基于最优材料参数的2种模型对单轴与等双轴拉伸的预测结果
图 5  交联部分和缠结部分对应力的贡献
模型$ {G}_{\text{c}} $/MPa$ N $$ {G}_{\text{e}} $/MPa$ {R} $
网络平均管模型(单轴拉伸拟合)0.018480.0280.018
八链模型(单轴拉伸拟合)0.0205400.035
网络平均管模型(多轴拉伸拟合)0.019490.0190.052
八链模型(多轴拉伸拟合)0.02811900.176
表 1  分子统计理论模型的材料参数及单轴拉伸拟合误差
图 6  介电弹性体纯剪切实验示意图
图 7  本构模型对纯剪切力电耦合的预测结果
预拉伸$ {R}^{2} $
EV模型八链模型网络平均管模型
$ {\lambda }_{1\text{p}}=0.9 $0.880.920.96
$ {\lambda }_{1\text{p}}=1.8 $0.900.420.95
$ {\lambda }_{1\text{p}}=3 .0$0.920.550.95
$ {\lambda }_{1\text{p}}=3.8 $0.980.600.91
表 2  本构模型力电耦合误差表
图 8  模型对于等双轴拉伸试验力电耦合效应的预测
1 MEHNERT M, HOSSAIN M, STEINMANN P A complete thermo-electro-viscoelastic characterization of dielectric elastomers, Part I: experimental investigations[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2021, 157: 104603
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104603
2 ROMASANTA L J, LOPEZ-MANCHADO M A, VERDEJO R Increasing the performance of dielectric elastomer actuators: a review from the materials perspective[J]. Progress in Polymer Science, 2015, 51: 188- 211
doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.08.002
3 GU G Y, ZHU J, ZHU L M, et al A survey on dielectric elastomer actuators for soft robots[J]. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2017, 12 (1): 011003
doi: 10.1088/1748-3190/12/1/011003
4 ZHAO Z, CHEN Y, HU X, et al Vibrations and waves in soft dielectric elastomer structures[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2023, 239: 107885
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107885
5 PELRINE R, KORNBLUH R, PEI Q, et al High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%[J]. Science, 2000, 287 (5454): 836- 839
doi: 10.1126/science.287.5454.836
6 SUO Z, ZHAO X, GREENE W H A nonlinear field theory of deformable dielectrics[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2008, 56 (2): 467- 486
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2007.05.021
7 HENANN D L, CHESTER S A, BERTOLDI K Modeling of dielectric elastomers: design of actuators and energy harvesting devices[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2013, 61 (10): 2047- 2066
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2013.05.003
8 TRELOAR L R G. The physics of rubber elasticity [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.
9 STEINMANN P, HOSSAIN M, POSSART G Hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials: consistent tangent operators and suitability for Treloar’s data[J]. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 2012, 82 (9): 1183- 1217
doi: 10.1007/s00419-012-0610-z
10 SHEN S, ZHONG D, QU S, et al A hyperelastic-damage model based on the strain invariants[J]. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2022, 52: 101641
doi: 10.1016/j.eml.2022.101641
11 ZHU L, ZHAN L, XIAO R A comparative study of the entanglement models toward simulating hyperelastic behaviors[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2024, 91 (2): 021007
doi: 10.1115/1.4063348
12 MATHEW A T, VO T V K, KOH S J A A molecular perspective to analytical modeling that reveals new instabilities in dielectric elastomer transducers[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2019, 132: 103703
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2019.103703
13 JIANG L, BETTS A, KENNEDY D, et al Eliminating electromechanical instability in dielectric elastomers by employing pre-stretch[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2016, 49 (26): 265401
doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/26/265401
14 ZHAO X, KOH S J A, SUO Z Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of dielectric elastomers[J]. International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2011, 3 (2): 203- 217
doi: 10.1142/S1758825111000944
15 MIEHE C, GÖKTEPE S, LULEI F A micro-macro approach to rubber-like materials: part I: the non-affine micro-sphere model of rubber elasticity[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2004, 52 (11): 2617- 2660
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.03.011
16 KUHN W, GRÜN F. Beziehungen zwischen elastischen Konstanten und Dehnungsdoppelbrechung hochelastischer Stoffe [EB/OL]. [2025−11−01]. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf01793684.
17 DOI M, EDWARDS S F. The theory of polymer dynamics [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
18 KHIÊM V N, ITSKOV M Analytical network-averaging of the tube model: rubber elasticity[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2016, 95: 254- 269
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2016.05.030
19 肖锐, 向玉海, 钟旦明, 等 考虑缠结效应的超弹性本构模型[J]. 力学学报, 2021, 53 (4): 1028- 1037
XIAO Rui, XIANG Yuhai, ZHONG Danming, et al Hyperelastic model with entanglement effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53 (4): 1028- 1037
20 HUANG R, SUO Z Electromechanical phase transition in dielectric elastomers[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2012, 468 (2140): 1014- 1040
doi: 10.1098/rspa.2011.0452
21 JIANG L, BETTS A, KENNEDY D, et al Eliminating electromechanical instability in dielectric elastomers by employing pre-stretch[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2016, 49 (26): 265401
doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/26/265401
22 CARPI F, CHIARELLI P, MAZZOLDI A, et al Electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer planar actuators: comparative evaluation of different electrode materials and different counterloads[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2003, 107 (1): 85- 95
doi: 10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00257-7
23 XIAO R, CHEN Z, SHI Y, et al A continuum model for novel electromechanical-instability-free dielectric elastomers[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2025, 196: 105994
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105994
24 SHI Y, ASKOUNIS E, PLAMTHOTTAM R, et al A processable, high-performance dielectric elastomer and multilayering process[J]. Science, 2022, 377 (6602): 228- 232
doi: 10.1126/science.abn0099
25 DAVIDSON J D, GOULBOURNE N C A nonaffine network model for elastomers undergoing finite deformations[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2013, 61 (8): 1784- 1797
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2013.03.009
26 XIANG Y, ZHONG D, WANG P, et al A general constitutive model of soft elastomers[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2018, 117: 110- 122
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2018.04.016
27 刘立武, 李金嵘, 吕雄飞, 等 电活性介电弹性体的本构理论和稳定性研究进展[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2015, 45 (5): 450- 463
LIU Liwu, LI Jinrong, LV Xiongfei, et al Progress in constitutive theory and stability research of electroactive dielectric elastomers[J]. Scientia Sinica: Technologica, 2015, 45 (5): 450- 463
28 SOMMER-LARSEN P, KOFOD G, SHRIDHAR M H, et al Performance of dielectric elastomer actuators and materials[J]. Smart Structures and Materials 2002: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, 2002, 4695: 158- 166
29 YANG E, FRECKER M, MOCKENSTURM E Viscoelastic model of dielectric elastomer membranes[J]. Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, 2005, 5759: 82
doi: 10.1117/12.600289
30 WISSLER M, MAZZA E Electromechanical coupling in dielectric elastomer actuators[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2007, 138 (2): 384- 393
doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2007.05.029
31 GOULBOURNE N, MOCKENSTURM E, FRECKER M A nonlinear model for dielectric elastomer membranes[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2005, 72 (6): 899- 906
doi: 10.1115/1.2047597
32 DORFMANN A, OGDEN R W Nonlinear electroelasticity[J]. Acta Mechanica, 2005, 174 (3): 167- 183
33 MCMEEKING R, LANDIS C Electrostatic forcesand stored energy for deformable dielectric materials[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2005, 72 (4): 581- 590
doi: 10.1115/1.1940661
34 李树虎, 贾华敏, 李茂东, 等 超弹性体本构模型的理论和特种试验方法[J]. 弹性体, 2011, 21 (1): 58- 64
LI Shuhu, JIA Huamin, LI Maodong, et al Theory and testing method of hyperelastic material constitutive model[J]. China Elastomerics, 2011, 21 (1): 58- 64
35 DAL H, AÇıKGÖZ K, BADIENIA Y On the performance of isotropic hyperelastic constitutive models for rubber-like materials: a state of the art review[J]. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2021, 73 (2): 020802
doi: 10.1115/1.4050978
36 LIN J, MREDHA M T I, WADU R R M, et al Time-dependent constitutive behaviors of a dynamically crosslinked glycerogel governed by bond kinetics and chain diffusion[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2025, 194: 105951
doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105951
37 HU M, WANG L, WEI Z, et al Fracture and fatigue characteristics of monodomain and polydomain liquid crystal elastomers[J]. Soft Matter, 2025, 21 (1): 113- 121
doi: 10.1039/D4SM01042F
[1] 成辉,付宏渊,曾铃,于晓伟,罗锦涛,刘杰. 考虑干湿循环路径的粉砂质泥岩力学特性及本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(9): 1912-1922.
[2] 胡涛涛,贺韶君,王栋. 考虑层理倾角的炭质板岩蠕变损伤本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(8): 1704-1716.
[3] 陈绍祥,曹志刚,叶星池,蔡袁强,张琪. 考虑温度效应的路基粗粒填料亚塑性模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(5): 938-946, 976.
[4] 蒋佳琪,徐日庆,裘志坚,詹晓波,汪悦,成广谋. 超固结土的蛋形弹塑性本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(8): 1444-1452.
[5] 谢磊,李庆华,徐世烺. 活性粉末混凝土冲击压缩性能及本构关系[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(5): 999-1009.
[6] 张静,邹道勤,王海龙,孙晓燕. 3D打印混凝土层条间界面抗拉性能与本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(11): 2178-2185.
[7] 李庆华,舒程岚青. 超高韧性水泥基复合材料的波传播试验研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(5): 851-857.
[8] 黄腾逸,周瑾,徐岩,孟凡许. 基于多场耦合分析的磁流变阻尼器建模与结构参数影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(10): 2001-2008.
[9] 樊鹏玄, 陈务军, 赵兵, 胡建辉, 张大旭, 房光强, 彭福军. Prony级数形式的形状记忆聚合物有限应变黏弹性本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2018, 52(6): 1194-1200.
[10] 徐文帅, 杨连枝, 高阳. 二维十次对称压电准晶含Griffith裂纹的平面问题[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2018, 52(3): 487-496.
[11] 雷燕云, 谢旭. 修正的Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto钢筋滞回本构模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2018, 52(10): 1926-1934.
[12] 王海龙, 凌佳燕, 孙晓燕, 李晓滨. 不锈钢筋混凝土柱小偏心受压性能[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2018, 52(10): 1919-1925.
[13] 柯瀚, 董鼎, 陈云敏, 郭城, 冯世进. 考虑剪缩性的城市固体废弃物非线性弹性模型[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2017, 51(11): 2158-2164.
[14] 齐虎,李云贵,吕西林. 混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型参数及其工程应用[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2015, 49(3): 547-554.
[15] 赵增辉, 王渭明, 高鑫, 严纪兴. 弱胶结泥质软岩的三向压缩损伤特性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2014, 48(8): 1399-1405.