基于微电极阵列的环境重金属检测研究进展

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.01.021

浙江大学学报(工学版)

2026, Vol. 60

Issue (1): 217-230 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.01.021

环境工程

基于微电极阵列的环境重金属检测研究进展

于翼铭1(

),蔡巍1,2,*(

),李毅3,付玮3,姚旭1,张停毅1,刁尚祺1,李丹1,林松清1,陈永顺1

1. 南方科技大学海洋科学与工程系，广东深圳 518055
2. 南方科技大学海洋高等研究院，广东深圳 518055
3. 南方科技大学深港微电子学院，广东深圳 518055

Review of environmental heavy metal detection based on microelectrode arrays

Yiming YU1(

),Wei CAI1,2,*(

),Yi LI3,Wei FU3,Xu YAO1,Tingyi ZHANG1,Shangqi DIAO1,Dan LI1,Songqing LIN1,Yongshun CHEN1

1. Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2. Advanced Institute of Ocean Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3. School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

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摘要：

微电极阵列相较于常规电极具有传质速率高、电流密度大、信噪比高等优势，利用微电极阵列分析土壤、河水、湖水等极易受到重金属污染的环境样品是重金属检测领域的研究热点. 采用微纳加工工艺构建不同结构的微电极阵列，结合电化学伏安技术，能够提升对锌、镉、铅、铜等重金属的检测性能. 通过优化电极结构和修饰敏感材料如汞膜、纳米金、石墨烯、金属有机框架等，可以进一步降低重金属检出限并拓宽线性范围. 系统地综述微电极阵列的独特结构与修饰材料在重金属定性和定量分析方面的性能，及其在实际环境样品检测中的抗干扰能力.

关键词： 微电极阵列; 微纳加工; 重金属; 电化学分析; 伏安法

Abstract:

Compared with conventional electrodes, microelectrode arrays have the advantages of high mass transfer rate, high current density and high signal-to-noise ratio. The analysis of environmental samples (such as soil, river and lake water) which are highly susceptible to heavy metal contamination using microelectrode arrays is a hot research spot in the field of heavy metal detection. The detection performance of heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, lead and copper could be enhanced by utilizing the micro-nano processing technology to construct various structures of microelectrode arrays and combining with the electrochemical voltammetry technology. By optimizing electrode structures and modifying them with sensitive materials like mercury films, gold nanoparticles, graphene and metal-organic frameworks, the detection limits of heavy metals can be further reduced, and the linear ranges can be broadened. The performance of the unique structures and the modified materials of microelectrode arrays in qualitative and quantitative analysis of heavy metals, and the anti-interference capabilities of microelectrode arrays in the detection of real environmental samples were systematically summarized.

Key words: microelectrode array micro-nano processing heavy metal electrochemical analysis voltammetry

收稿日期: 2025-01-14 出版日期: 2025-12-15

TP 393

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2022YFC3104700）；广东省珠江人才计划资助项目（2021QN02H436）；深圳市自然科学基金资助项目（JCYJ20220530113013030）.

通讯作者: 蔡巍 E-mail: 12332257@mail.sustech.edu.cn;caiw@sustech.edu.cn

作者简介: 于翼铭（2000—），男，硕士生，从事面向重金属检测的微电极阵列研究. orcid.org/0009-0004-3274-5151. E-mail：12332257@mail.sustech.edu.cn

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	于翼铭
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	林松清
	陈永顺

引用本文:

于翼铭,蔡巍,李毅,付玮,姚旭,张停毅,刁尚祺,李丹,林松清,陈永顺. 基于微电极阵列的环境重金属检测研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(1): 217-230.

Yiming YU,Wei CAI,Yi LI,Wei FU,Xu YAO,Tingyi ZHANG,Shangqi DIAO,Dan LI,Songqing LIN,Yongshun CHEN. Review of environmental heavy metal detection based on microelectrode arrays. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(1): 217-230.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.01.021 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I1/217

表 1 用于痕量重金属分析的主要伏安技术及其浓度测量范围[32]

图 1 不同电极间距下微电极阵列的扩散机制

图 2 微电极阵列中不同形状微电极的表面扩散模型和稳态电流方程[45]

表 2 用于环境重金属检测的微电极阵列相关研究团队

图 3 金微电极阵列传感器芯片[55]

图 4 一次性铋微电极阵列的制作过程[70]

图 5 基于鲨鱼嗅觉受体设计的微柱电极阵列[85]

图 6 基于氮掺杂类金刚石碳的微电极阵列[90]

图 7 基于MEMS工艺的多参数检测集成芯片[98]

图 8 三角形金微电极阵列[113]

表 3 微电极阵列在重金属检测方面的应用及参考文献

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